Distinguishes

between and among

patterns of development
in writing across
disciplines Camille Yvonne Benito

GROUP Keech Brylle Mendoza

2
N_RR_TI_N
NARRATION
D_S_RI_T_ON
DESCRIPTION
 C_MP_R_SO_ AND C_NTR_ST
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
EX_MPLI_I_ATION
EXEMPLIFICATION
 C_A_SI_IC_TI_N
CLASSIFICATION
C_US_ AND E_F_CT
CAUSE AND
EFFECT
P_RS_AS_ON
PERSUASION
P_OB_EM – S_LU_I_N
PROBLEM – SOLUTION
 Lesson Objectives
● At the end of our lesson, you are expected to:

A. Identify the different patterns of development;

B. Find out the features of each pattern of development; and

C. Write paragraphs using different pattern of development.

 What is a
Paragraph?
Writing Paragraph
 An effective paragraphs shows
the unity of the sentences used in
the developing the main idea. A
 A Paragraph is a collection of related paragraph is made up of the topic
sentences with one central idea. sentence which contains the
main idea, the supporting details
- As an independent unit, it is and the conclusion or the
complete in itself. It has beginning, clinching sentence at the end.
middle and end.

- As related unit, it is a part of a

composition that is combined with
other paragraphs to make a larger
composition.
Concluding sentence reinforcing
your key message.
 TE
O
N !
“Every writer has
a purpose for
writing.”
Always remember ;)
 Methods or Techniques in
Paragraph Development
(Text Types/Structures)
a. Narration
b. Description
c. Definition
d. Exemplification/Classification
e. Comparison and Contrast
f. Cause and effect
g. Problem-Solution
h. Persuasion
 Narration Transition
 Narration tells a story. It relates an incident
words:
or a series of events that leads to a  First, second, etc.
conclusion or ending.
 After, next, then, eventually, soon
 It tells the readers when, where, and what
happened.  Meanwhile, a short time later

 A narrative paragraph contains action verb  During, at the same time, simultaneously
and transition words that indicate time or
 Suddenly, instantly, momentarily
sequence.
 The next day, following, thereafter

 In the end, ultimately

Examples Because it shows time. Remember!
 Narration is usually used in the
: humanities. In a writing class, for
instance, you can write about a particular
event or situation.

 The narrative paragraph tells a part of

story in the first person. It shows a
sequence of events connected by transition
words like:

 then, suddenly, finally, momentarily,and

the next day.

 Also, action verbs like was walking, ran,

and fell are used to indicate movement.

ctto
 Descriptio
n Transition
 Description gives information of what a person, an
object a place, or a situation is like. It appeals to words:
the reader’s senses; it makes the reader see, hear,
taste, smell,or feel the subject.

 A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific

details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to
paint a picture in the mind of the reader. Literary
analyses descriptive essays, business plans, lab
reports, and research paper are some examples of
writing genres that use descriptive paragraphs.
 words
Signal ition
fi n
Example:
for De

Sight: sparkling,
gloomy, glossy, etc.
Sound: yelp, shriek,
whisper etc.
Smell: musty,
fragrant, fresh etc.
Touch: sticky,
smooth, furry etc.
Taste: spicy, sweet,
sour etc.
 Definition Different types of Definition:
 Definition explains a concept, term, or a
subject, it’s main purpose is to tell what Formal definition:
something is. -The definition provided
in dictionaries.
 It consists of three parts(1) the term, concept, Informal definition:
or subject to be defined; (2) the general class -The common informal
to which it belongs, and (3)the definitions are
characteristics that differentiate it from the operational, synonyms
and connotations.
other member of its class.

 This pattern of development is commonly

used in the sciences, humanities, and
business.
 words
Signal ption
Example:
s cr i
for De
 Exemplificatio
n Transitio
n
 Exemplification is one of the most common and words:
effective ways to show or explain an idea or
point (e.g., observation, opinion, belief). In this
pattern of development, the main idea is
explained by giving an extended example or a
series of detailed examples.

 Many writing assignments in various disciplines

require the use of exemplification essays,
argumentative and exemplification essays,
feature articles, reviews, report, and case studies
often use examples to prove a point.
Example:
 Classification
words
 Classification refers to sorting or arranging Signal ption
s cr i
subjects (e,g., person, places, things, ideas) for De
into groups or categories according to their
common or shared characteristic.

 The subject can be grouped in many different

ways depending on your purpose. With a
purpose in mind, you can determine how to
group the subject in your list. The group or
category should have a single basis of
classification.
Example: E !
T
NO
 You can use both exemplification and
classification in developing a paragraph. You
can begin by classifying some ideas and then
explained each idea by giving examples.

 Exemplification shows, proves or explains a

general idea or point by using examples.

 Classification refers to sorting or arranging

subjects into groups or categories according
to their common or shared characteristics.
 Comparison words
Signal rison
mp a
f or C o  Also

 To compare persons, things, places, event,  Like

situation, or ideas is to show how they are
alike. You need to identify the points of  Both
comparison and make a list of similar
characteristics or qualities for each point of  As...
comparison.
 As Similarly

 In the same way

 Equally important

 Likewise
 Contrast l words
Si g na
ntrast
for Co  But
 To contrast persons, things, places, events,
 However
situations,or ideas is to know how they are
different. To do so, you need to make a list of
 Though
the characteristics or qualities of the subject
and then identify the differences between
 On the other hand
them.
 In contrast
 Comparison Example:
and Contrast
 Comparison and contrast paragraph are
common in writing in many academic
disciplines like he humanities, sciences, and
business. Such paragraph can be found in
character anaylses; book and film reviews;
and marketing campaigns.
 Cause and
Effect
w ords
Signal

 Cause and effect a cause is simply “why

something happens” and an effect is
“what happens” together, they can be  As result
used as a patterns of development in
writing. With the cause and effect  Accordingly
pattern, the writer can explain how an
event or action leads to another.  Because of (this)

 Consequently

 Hence/therefore/thus
Example:

 There are three different ways to use the

cause-and-effect pattern writing:
 Cause and effect
 Effect to cause
 Consecutive cause and effect
 Problem-Solution There are three ways to use the
cause-and-effect pattern in writing:

 A problem is general is an unsatisfactory situation

that causes troubles or difficulties. Therefore, it
needs a solution, a way to deal with the situation so
that the troubles or difficulties are removed.
 In writing across disciplines, the problem-solution
pattern of development is used to deal with topics
that pose problems and present solutions in a logical
manner.
 Example:
ig n a l words
S
 Persuasion ig n a l words
S

 A persuasive paragraph intends to

convince readers to do or believe in
something. Many writing genres such as
critiques or reviews, reaction papers,
persuasive paragraph to state opinions
and to influence others.
● There are three common techniques that
Example:
you can see in developing a persuasive
paragraph:

● -Using evidence
● can use strong evidence such as facts and
statistics, statements of expert authorities,
and research findings to create impact and
establish credibility.
● -Giving examples
● to persuade readers is by giving examples
● -Attacking an opposing view
● you assert your opinion by attacking or
criticizing someone or an opposing idea.
Tips!
ACTIVIT
Y
Let’s do it!
DIRECTION: Identify which patterns of development is used in the paragraph below.

a. Narration
b. Description
c. Definition
d.Exemplification/Classification
e. Comparison and Contrast
f. Cause and effect
g. Problem-Solution
h. Persuasion
a. Narration
b. Description
c. Definition
d.Exemplification/Classification
e. Comparison and Contrast
f. Cause and effect
g. Problem-Solution
h. Persuasion
a. Narration
b. Description
c. Definition
d.Exemplification/Classification
e. Comparison and Contrast
f. Cause and effect
g. Problem-Solution
h. Persuasion
a. Narration
b. Description
c. Definition
d.Exemplification/Classification
e. Comparison and Contrast
f. Cause and effect
g. Problem-Solution
h. Persuasion
a. Narration
b. Description
c. Definition
d.Exemplification/Classification
e. Comparison and Contrast
f. Cause and effect
g. Problem-Solution
h. Persuasion
ANSWERS:
1. PROBLEM-SOLUTION
2. COMPARISON AND
CONTRAST
3. NARRATION
4. DESCRIPTION
5. DEFINITION
 “I AM WITH YOU
AND WILL WATCH
OVER YOU
WHEREVER YOU
GO’’
:15
SIS 28
GENE