KS4 Physics: Electromagnetism

KS4 Physics
Electromagnetism
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20 © Boardworks Ltd 2005
2004
Contents
Electromagnetism
Magnets
Magnetic fields
Electromagnets
Summary activities
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2 20 © Boardworks Ltd 2005
2004
Magnetic or non-magnetic?
A magnetic material is attracted
to magnets and can be made N S
into a magnet.
Investigate different materials to find out which are attracted
to a magnet and record your results in a table.
Magnetic Non-magnetic
materials materials
Which materials are attracted to a magnet?

iron, steel, cobalt and nickel
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Using magnets to separate coins
How can a magnet be used to separate coins made from
steel and coils made from gold?
N S
Steel coins are attracted to a magnet but gold coins are not.
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Magnetic materials
What materials can magnets be
made from? N S
iron, steel, cobalt and nickel
Iron is easy to magnetise and also loses its magnetism easily.

Iron is called a soft magnetic material.
Steel is harder to magnetise but does not lose its magnetism

easily. Steel is called a hard magnetic material.
Magnets are usually made of steel and other hard magnetic

materials because they can retain their magnetism.
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Contents
Electromagnetism
Magnets
Magnetic fields
Electromagnets
Summary activities
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What is a magnetic field?
Where would you find a magnetic field?
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Magnetic field of a bar magnet
Around every magnet is an invisible force field that will affect
all magnetic objects inside it.
The magnetic field of a bar magnet is seen with iron filings.
strongest
N S field at
poles
What does the magnetic field around a bar magnet look like?
Where is the magnetic field strongest?
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Forces between magnets – experiment
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Repulsion and attraction
S N N S
repel/attract
N S S N
repel/attract
S N S N
repel/attract
Unlike poles attract. Like poles repel.
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Revising magnetism (1)
1. Magnets are made from which materials? ____________

iron or steel
2. What are the ends of a magnet called? poles

________
3. What do we call the area around a magnet

magnetic field
where a magnetic force exists? _______________
4. What does the word attract mean? pull together

_____________
5. What does the word repel mean? push apart

_____________
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Revising magnetism (2)
repel
6. What will two north poles do if brought together? ______
7. What will two south poles do if brought together? ______

repel
8. What will a north pole and a south pole do

if brought together? attract
_______
9. What materials are attracted by magnets? _____________

iron and steel
10. Is magnetism a contact or non-contact force? ___________

non-contact
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Contents
Electromagnetism
Magnets
Magnetic fields
Electromagnets
Summary activities
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What is an electromagnet?
A coil of wire acts like a bar magnet when it has an
electric current flowing through it.
One end of the coil becomes a north-seeking pole (N pole).

One end of the coil becomes a south seeking pole (S pole).
This is called an electromagnet.
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Making an electromagnet
Apparatus:
 batteries
 wire
 iron nail
What to do:
1. Wrap a coil of wire around the iron nail.
2. Connect the coil of wire to the batteries.
3. See how many paperclips the electromagnet can pick up.
Results:
How many paperclips could the electromagnet pick up?
How could the electromagnet pick up more paperclips?
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Investigating electromagnets – experiment
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Investigating electromagnets – results (1)
The results for the number of drawing pins attracted to the
electromagnet with no core are:
number
of cells 1 2 3
number
of coils
4 2 4 6
8 4 8 12
12 6 12 18
How does changing the current affect the strength of
an electromagnet?
How does changing the number of coils affect the strength

of an electromagnet?
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Effect of increasing the current
Increasing the number of cells, increases the current, and
the number of paperclips picked up by the electromagnet
also increases.
Number of paperclips
x The strength of the

x
x magnetic field increases
x as the current flowing
x
through the coil
x
x increases.
x
Current (amps)
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Effect of increasing the number of coils
Increasing the number of turns on the coil, increases the
number of paperclips picked up by the electromagnet.
Number of paperclips
x
x x The strength of the
x magnetic field increases
x as the number of turns
x on the coil increases.
x
x
Number of turns
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Investigating electromagnets– results (2)
Compare the results for the number of drawing pins attracted
to the electromagnet with no core and an iron core:
number number
of cells 1 2 3 of cells 1 2 3
number number
of coils of coils
4 2 4 6 4 6 8 10
8 4 8 12 8 8 12 16
12 6 12 18 12 10 16 22
What effect does an iron core have on the strength of
an electromagnet?
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Investigating electromagnets – results (3)
Compare the results for the number of drawing pins attracted
to the electromagnet with no core and a copper core:
number number
of cells 1 2 3 of cells 1 2 3
number number
of coils of coils
4 2 4 6 4 2 4 6
8 4 8 12 8 4 8 12
12 6 12 18 12 6 12 18
What effect does a copper core have on the strength of
an electromagnet?
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Electromagnets – summary
There are three ways to make an electromagnet stronger.
What are they?
More turns on the coil
1. ____________________
More electrical current
2. ____________________
Using an iron core
3. ____________________ S N
What happens if the position of the battery in the

electromagnet circuit is reversed?
The poles on the coil also
reverse – north becomes
south and south becomes
north. N S
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Contents
Electromagnetism
Magnets
Magnetic fields
Electromagnets
Summary activities
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Glossary
 core – An object, usually made of iron, which is placed
inside the coil of an electromagnet and increases the
strength of the magnetic field.
 electromagnet – A coil of wire that produces a magnetic
field when a current is passed through it.
 hard magnetic material – A material that is hard to
magnetise but does not lose its magnetism easily.
 magnetic field – The invisible force field around a
magnet or electromagnet that will affect all magnetic objects
within that area.
 poles – The parts of a magnet where the magnetic field is
strongest.
 soft magnetic material – A material that is easy to
magnetise and also loses its magnetism easily.
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Anagrams
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Multiple-choice quiz
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KS4 Physics

Which materials are attracted to a magnet?

Iron is easy to magnetise and also loses its magnetism easily.

Steel is harder to magnetise but does not lose its magnetism

Magnets are usually made of steel and other hard magnetic

Unlike poles attract. Like poles repel.

1. Magnets are made from which materials? ____________

2. What are the ends of a magnet called? poles

3. What do we call the area around a magnet

4. What does the word attract mean? pull together

5. What does the word repel mean? push apart

7. What will two south poles do if brought together? ______

8. What will a north pole and a south pole do

9. What materials are attracted by magnets? _____________

10. Is magnetism a contact or non-contact force? ___________

One end of the coil becomes a north-seeking pole (N pole).

How does changing the number of coils affect the strength

x The strength of the

What happens if the position of the battery in the

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