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    Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Children

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    Subash Paudeal
    This document discusses carbon monoxide poisoning in children. It outlines that CO is a colorless, odorless gas produced by incomplete combustion that binds to hemoglobin over 200 times more than oxygen, disrupting oxygen delivery and causing tissue hypoxia. Children are particularly susceptible due to higher metabolic rates. Sources include wood-burning stoves, heaters, and vehicles. Clinical presentation ranges from mild symptoms like headaches to severe symptoms like seizures or death. Diagnosis involves a compatible history, physical exam, and elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels in blood gas samples. Treatment focuses on high-flow oxygen and potentially hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Prevention emphasizes source identification and elimination, home CO detectors, and public education.

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    Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Children

    Uploaded by

    Subash Paudeal
    76 views10 pages
    This document discusses carbon monoxide poisoning in children. It outlines that CO is a colorless, odorless gas produced by incomplete combustion that binds to hemoglobin over 200 times more than oxygen, disrupting oxygen delivery and causing tissue hypoxia. Children are particularly susceptible due to higher metabolic rates. Sources include wood-burning stoves, heaters, and vehicles. Clinical presentation ranges from mild symptoms like headaches to severe symptoms like seizures or death. Diagnosis involves a compatible history, physical exam, and elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels in blood gas samples. Treatment focuses on high-flow oxygen and potentially hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Prevention emphasizes source identification and elimination, home CO detectors, and public education.

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    CO Poisoning Copy

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    This document discusses carbon monoxide poisoning in children. It outlines that CO is a colorless, odorless gas produced by incomplete combustion that binds to hemoglobin over 200 times more than oxygen, disrupting oxygen delivery and causing tissue hypoxia. Children are particularly susceptible due to higher metabolic rates. Sources include wood-burning stoves, heaters, and vehicles. Clinical presentation ranges from mild symptoms like headaches to severe symptoms like seizures or death. Diagnosis involves a compatible history, physical exam, and elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels in blood gas samples. Treatment focuses on high-flow oxygen and potentially hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Prevention emphasizes source identification and elimination, home CO detectors, and public education.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    76 views10 pages

    Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Children

    Uploaded by

    Subash Paudeal
    This document discusses carbon monoxide poisoning in children. It outlines that CO is a colorless, odorless gas produced by incomplete combustion that binds to hemoglobin over 200 times more than oxygen, disrupting oxygen delivery and causing tissue hypoxia. Children are particularly susceptible due to higher metabolic rates. Sources include wood-burning stoves, heaters, and vehicles. Clinical presentation ranges from mild symptoms like headaches to severe symptoms like seizures or death. Diagnosis involves a compatible history, physical exam, and elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels in blood gas samples. Treatment focuses on high-flow oxygen and potentially hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Prevention emphasizes source identification and elimination, home CO detectors, and public education.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Carbon Monoxide

    Poisoning in Children
    Overview:
    • Introduction
    • Pathophysiology
    • Clinical presentation
    • Diagnosis
    • Treatment
    • Prevention
    Introduction:
    • Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and
    highly poisonous gas produced during incomplete combustion
    of any carbon-containing fuel.
    • Although CO poisoning can be fatal to anyone, infants and
    children have an increased susceptibility to its toxicity because
    of their higher metabolic rates, higher oxygen utilization and
    higher minute ventilation.
    • Wood-burning stoves, kerosene heaters, old furnaces, hot-water
    heaters, closed-space fires, and automobiles are the potential
    sources of pediatric CO poisoning.
    • CO is the most common gas involved in pediatric toxic
    exposures.
    Pathophysiology:
    • CO binds to Hb with an affinity >200 times that of O2, forming
    HbCO which displaces O2 that impairs its delivery and utilization
    leading to tissue hypoxia.
    • Beside that it binds to cytochrome oxidase disrupting cellular
    respiration.
    • In addition, it displaces NO from proteins allowing it to bind free
    radicals and form toxic metabolite leading to lipid peroxidation
    and cellular damage.
    •  The average half-life of HbCO while a patient is breathing room
    air is approximately 4 to 6 hours, while breathing high-flow
    oxygen via a nonrebreathing face mask is about 90 minutes and
    with 100 percent hyperbaric oxygen is approximately 30 minutes.
    Clinical presentation:
    • Mild intoxication – constitutional symptoms like headache,
    malaise, nausea, vomiting and dizziness, and may be
    misdiagnosed with acute viral syndromes or food poisoning.
    • Moderate intoxication – change in mental status, confusion,
    ataxia, syncope, tachycardia and tachypnea.
    Clinical presentation:
    • Severe intoxication – neurologic symptoms such as seizures or
    coma; and cardiovascular and metabolic manifestations such
    as myocardial ischemia, ventricular arrhythmias, MI,
    pulmonary edema, profound lactic acidosis, cardiovascular
    collapse, and potentially death.
    • Delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome (DNS) – variable degrees
    of cognitive deficits, personality changes, movement
    disorders, and focal neurologic deficits; generally occur within
    20 days of CO poisoning, and may persist for a year or longer.
    Diagnosis:
    • A compatible history and physical
    examination
    • An elevated HbCO level measured by CO-
    oximetry of an arterial blood gas sample.
    – Expected HbCO levels: non-smokers upto 5%,
    smokers upto 10%.
    • ECG, cardiac biomarker
    • CT, MRI, and PET in the setting of DNS
    Treatment:
    • Prompt removal from the source of CO
    • Maintaining Airway, Breathing and Circulation
    • Institution of high-flow oxygen by face mask
    • Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is recommended in following
    circumstances:
    – HbCO level >25 percent
    – HbCO level >20 percent in pregnant patient
    – Loss of consciousness
    – Severe metabolic acidosis (pH <7.1)
    – Evidence of end-organ ischemia (eg, ECG changes, chest pain, or
    altered mental status)
    Prevention:
    • Source identification
    and elimination
    • Regular servicing of
    heating systems
    • Home CO detectors
    • Public educational
    initiatives
    Thank you!

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