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What Is Skin? How To Reduce It?

1) Skin is a measure of wellbore damage that causes additional pressure drop between the well and reservoir. It is affected by factors like permeability changes, effective wellbore radius, and connectivity between the well and formation. 2) A positive skin value indicates damaged wells with poor connectivity, while a negative skin value means a stimulated well with increased contact area. Common causes of skin include drilling, completion, fines migration, and turbulence during flow. 3) Methods to reduce skin include drilling optimization, acidizing treatments, fracturing, and drilling highly deviated or horizontal wells. The type of stimulation treatment impacts the resulting skin factor.

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Ksenia
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207 views10 pages

What Is Skin? How To Reduce It?

1) Skin is a measure of wellbore damage that causes additional pressure drop between the well and reservoir. It is affected by factors like permeability changes, effective wellbore radius, and connectivity between the well and formation. 2) A positive skin value indicates damaged wells with poor connectivity, while a negative skin value means a stimulated well with increased contact area. Common causes of skin include drilling, completion, fines migration, and turbulence during flow. 3) Methods to reduce skin include drilling optimization, acidizing treatments, fracturing, and drilling highly deviated or horizontal wells. The type of stimulation treatment impacts the resulting skin factor.

Uploaded by

Ksenia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WHAT IS SKIN?

HOW TO REDUCE IT?

1
WHAT IS SKIN?

Measure of well damage [-7; +100s]


Degree of connectivity betwen well and reservoir

Additional Pressure drop due to change of


permeability
r r e s
borehole
we w

Measure of changing the effective radius

-
   
=

2
S>0 S<0

Ks<k Ks>k
Rwe <Rw Rwe >Rw
ΔPs pressure drop increases ΔPs pressure drop decreases
Damaged well Stimulated well
Poor connection between well and Incrased contact area between well
reservoir and reservoir
Need well treatment

Ks – permeability in wellbore area


k – permeability in reservoir
 
= Rw – radius of well
Formation permeability reduction has
bigger contribution to influx reduction
than contamination radius
SKIN EFFECT
3
TOTAL (APPARENT) SKIN
𝑆= 𝑆 𝑑 + 𝑆 𝑝𝑝 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐 + 𝑆𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏
 

Skin due to damage Skin due to inclination Skin due to partial Skin due to turbulence
Sd≥0: Spp<0 penetration Sturb ≥ 0
while drilling, cementing, Inclination angle>10oC Spp ≥ 0 Non ideal flow conditions
completion, migration of Small effectively (non-Darcy effect), high gas
fines, plugging, invasion perforated area, velocity, multiphase effects
Sd<0: inproper well
well treatment complition

4
HOW TO REDUCE SKIN?
1. Drilling optimization (Implementing of
Type of stimulation Skin factor s
low-damage drilling fluid system, DwC)
Natural completion 0
Light acid -0.5
2. Optimazing perforating techniques
(perforation dencity, phase angle, perforation Medium acid or light fracture -1
depth, diameter). Heavy acid or medium fracture -2
Heavy fracture -3
3. Drilling of high-inclinational and horizontal
Heavy fracture in low permeability -4
wells
Very large fracture in low permeability -5 .. -7
4. Acid treatment

5. Fracturing

5
Examples of different skins

Example effect of turbulence on inflow performance Deviation skin depending on hole angle

Turbulence skin Deviation skin


Open hole completion Intervals with good vertical flow
Non-Darcy flow characteristics benefit from high-
Turbulence is an important cause of additional angle wellls
pressure drops

6
PARTIAL COMPLETION SKIN

Case (a) (b) (c)

Type of partial Partially Producing from Five intervals open


penetration penetrating the only the centre of to production
top of the the well
Example of effect of anisotropy on the
reservoir
partial penetration skin
Spp 18 15 9

Fraction of net pay thickness completion is the same


7
TOTAL SKIN IN HORIZONTAL WELL

Anisotropy and completion,


deviation skins have the greatest
contribution to apparent skin

Combining skin factors in a horizontal well

8
COMRARISON OF ACIDIZING TREATMENT

Comparison of reservoir stimulation effects with different acidizing treatments

Conventional acidizing removes only Acid fracturing connects caverns with high- Fracture network acidizing effectively
the damage zone and connects fractures conductivity long fractures, but cannot connects fracture-carven reservoirs by making
and caverns near wellbore
effectively produce the reservoir connected by full use of natural fractures
natural fractures

9
THANK YOU

PERFORMED by : Ksenia Zhukova

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