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    What Is Archaeology? - How Is It Different From History? - What Is Culture?

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    stephen nimo
    Archaeology studies past human cultures through scientific excavation and analysis of material remains from periods before written records, while history focuses on more recent time periods with written documentation. The document defines culture as the behavioral, material, and ideological products of human cognition that are influenced by environmental, political, historical, and societal factors. It describes culture as having an "atomic structure" embedded in practices, habits, norms, traditions, and institutions that evolve and transform over time under changing influences.

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    What Is Archaeology? - How Is It Different From History? - What Is Culture?

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    stephen nimo
    96 views8 pages
    Archaeology studies past human cultures through scientific excavation and analysis of material remains from periods before written records, while history focuses on more recent time periods with written documentation. The document defines culture as the behavioral, material, and ideological products of human cognition that are influenced by environmental, political, historical, and societal factors. It describes culture as having an "atomic structure" embedded in practices, habits, norms, traditions, and institutions that evolve and transform over time under changing influences.

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    archaeology introduction

    Original Title

    Main+Campus ARCH+111 21 Lesson+2

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    Archaeology studies past human cultures through scientific excavation and analysis of material remains from periods before written records, while history focuses on more recent time periods with written documentation. The document defines culture as the behavioral, material, and ideological products of human cognition that are influenced by environmental, political, historical, and societal factors. It describes culture as having an "atomic structure" embedded in practices, habits, norms, traditions, and institutions that evolve and transform over time under changing influences.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    96 views8 pages

    What Is Archaeology? - How Is It Different From History? - What Is Culture?

    Uploaded by

    stephen nimo
    Archaeology studies past human cultures through scientific excavation and analysis of material remains from periods before written records, while history focuses on more recent time periods with written documentation. The document defines culture as the behavioral, material, and ideological products of human cognition that are influenced by environmental, political, historical, and societal factors. It describes culture as having an "atomic structure" embedded in practices, habits, norms, traditions, and institutions that evolve and transform over time under changing influences.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 8

    Introduction Cont’d: Lesson 2

    Prof Wazi Apoh

    Lecture outline

    • What is Archaeology?

    • How is it different from History?

    • What is Culture?
    Archaeology?

    • It is a practice and discipline that conducts research into the things


    that humans once produced, used and discarded in order to
    reconstruct past behavior, preserve the past and to exhibit the
    findings in museums to promote education and tourism

    • Archaeologists engage in scientific excavation, description, analysis


    and interpretation of their finds before the publication or the
    exhibition of their findings

    • So what is your own definition of Archaeology?


    ARCHAEOLOGY VRS HISTORY

    • How is archaeology different from history?

    • Archaeology is the grandparent of history…it begets history by excavating material


    culture and providing deep time cultural knowledge beyond the periods of written
    records and oral histories

    • It studies the human ancestry from 4 million BCE until current times

    • History on the other hand concentrates on oral history, past events and areas with
    written records

    • However the link between the methodologies of both disciplines is that both deal with
    the documentation of human culture…but one goes back further in time than the
    other through the use of scientific excavations.
    WHAT IS CULTURE?
    What is culture
    • Culture is a term that refers to the
    behavioural products, material cultural
    products, and Intangible ideological
    products of our cognitive thinking processes
    which are often influenced by the
    environment, politics, history, globalization
    and societal cultural practices.
    Atomic Structure of Culture

    T, HI
    EN SO STO
    N M GL CIE RY,
    RO S, OB TY EN
    V I IC A , P VI
    E N IT LI OL RO
    , OL N Z A IT NM
    RY P IO T I IC
    ,
    O TY A T ON S, EN
    I T
    S IE LIZ CULTURAL BEHAVIOR/ T,
    H C A IDEOLOGY/
    Mannerism
    O
    S LO B MATERIAL CULTURE
    Intangible culture/ policies/
    Speech
    G THINGS
    rituals
    Rituals

    HISTORY, ENVIRONMENT, SOCIETY,


    POLITICS, GLOBALIZATION
    Origins and Development of Culture

    • The atomic structure of culture is found imbedded in every new


    practice or invention

    • A new practice evolves to become a cultural habit


    • A habit evolves to become a cultural norm
    • A norm evolves to become a cultural tradition and a cultural institution

    • The atomic structure of culture is never lost but reshaped, influenced


    and transformed by changing environments, history/time/generations,
    government policies and societies/globalization
    Study Question

    • What is meant by this phrase?

    • The cultural context of development.

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