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    The Iliad

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    Erika Joy Gutierrez
    The document provides background information on the epic poem The Iliad by Homer. It describes how the Trojan War began when Paris judged Aphrodite to be the fairest goddess and was promised Helen, the most beautiful woman, as his wife. This started the war as Helen's husband Menelaus gathered Greek forces to retrieve her. The war lasted 10 years and featured heroes like Achilles and Odysseus. It ended when the Greeks used the Trojan Horse trick to gain entry to Troy and burn the city, marking the end of the Trojan War.

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    The Iliad

    Uploaded by

    Erika Joy Gutierrez
    70 views32 pages
    The document provides background information on the epic poem The Iliad by Homer. It describes how the Trojan War began when Paris judged Aphrodite to be the fairest goddess and was promised Helen, the most beautiful woman, as his wife. This started the war as Helen's husband Menelaus gathered Greek forces to retrieve her. The war lasted 10 years and featured heroes like Achilles and Odysseus. It ended when the Greeks used the Trojan Horse trick to gain entry to Troy and burn the city, marking the end of the Trojan War.

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    The-Iliad

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    The document provides background information on the epic poem The Iliad by Homer. It describes how the Trojan War began when Paris judged Aphrodite to be the fairest goddess and was promised Helen, the most beautiful woman, as his wife. This started the war as Helen's husband Menelaus gathered Greek forces to retrieve her. The war lasted 10 years and featured heroes like Achilles and Odysseus. It ended when the Greeks used the Trojan Horse trick to gain entry to Troy and burn the city, marking the end of the Trojan War.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    70 views32 pages

    The Iliad

    Uploaded by

    Erika Joy Gutierrez
    The document provides background information on the epic poem The Iliad by Homer. It describes how the Trojan War began when Paris judged Aphrodite to be the fairest goddess and was promised Helen, the most beautiful woman, as his wife. This started the war as Helen's husband Menelaus gathered Greek forces to retrieve her. The war lasted 10 years and featured heroes like Achilles and Odysseus. It ended when the Greeks used the Trojan Horse trick to gain entry to Troy and burn the city, marking the end of the Trojan War.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    The Iliad

    • An epic poem is a long narrative that relates the deeds of


    heroes. Many of the stories of the Trojan War were
    compiled in an epic poem called the Iliad by the author
    Homer. They are among the oldest stories in literature.
    • While these tales are clearly mythological, historians
    believe there really was a Trojan War and that it took place
    about 1200 B.C. near the coast of Turkey. It might have
    been a trade war between different groups of Greek-
    speaking people for control of waters leading into the
    Black Sea.
    In the beginning….

    • Myths were created in a large part of explain things


    that the ancient Greeks did not understand i.e.
    Where did the world come from? Who created the
    first being?
    • Myths of Greece and Rome were told orally
    because the societies were almost entirely illiterate
    • They passed them down in this manner from
    generation to generation.
    The differences between myth
    and legend…..
    • Legend
    True stories that are exaggerated
    Frequently deal with heroes
    EX: Trojan War was a real event, but stories can’t be
    proven.
    Myth

    Myth
    • Not necessary true
    • Created to understand the world around us
    • Often times involves a supernatural being
    8 Reasons for Myths

    • Explain natural phenomena


    • Control natural forces – sacrifices, prayer offerings, and rituals
    • Bind people together – common belief
    • Record historical events
    • Geography lessons
    • Set examples for people’s behaviors
    • Justify a social structure
    • Control people
    Why were Gods and Goddesses
    created?
    • Greeks and Romans made their gods in their own
    image.
    • They were also feared.
    • They were immortal and could change form.
    • They ate nectar, drank ambrosia, and lived on
    Mount Olympus.
    The
    beginning…
    Homer’s Iliad
    • Homer is said to be the
    first teller of
    adventures of all times.
    • . He was a blind
    Prophet whose date of
    birth is around- 800BC
    • The story is narrated in Medias Res
    • The epic narrative takes up events prophesized for
    the future, such as Achilles’ death, fall of Troy and
    the capture of the Trojan Women.
    • It contains 15, 693 lines divided into 24 books in
    varying length.
    • The struggle began when Eris, goddess of discord
    and quarreling, was not invited to the wedding of
    the hero Peleus and the sea-nymph Thetis.
    • Eris threw among the revelers a golden apple
    inscribed “for the fairest.” It rolled right up to
    where three goddesses were sitting: Hera, Athena,
    and Aphrodite
    The Fairest

    • Aphrodite, (goddess of love and


    beauty) Hera (Zeus wife) , and Athena
    (goddess of wisdom, knowledge and
    skill in battle) ALL wanted the apple.
    • Of course, each goddess claimed it. Zeus refused to
    be the judge of this Olympian beauty contest. He
    knew no matter how he decided he would never
    hear the end of it from the others. He told the
    goddesses to have Hermes escort them to a
    mountain near Troy where Paris, a son of King
    Priam, was watching the sheep.
    • The king had sent him away because he had been
    warned that someday this boy would bring grief
    and ruin on his country. Paris was supposed to be a
    good judge of feminine beauty.
    • The goddesses agreed, and Zeus warned them to
    abide by Paris’s choice, however it went. Hermes
    escorted them to the high pastures of Troy where
    the shepherd-prince watched his flocks.
    • Each goddess promised Paris something if he would
    favor her.
    • Hera offered him kingly power, Athena promised
    wisdom and glory in war, but Aphrodite, the Love
    Goddess, offered him the most beautiful woman in the
    world for his wife.
    • Paris cared nothing for power and glory and, least of
    all, wisdom. He was young and shallow-minded. He
    awarded the golden apple to Aphrodite.
    Paris Chooses Aphrodite
    • The most beautiful woman
    in the world is Helen, the
    wife of King Menelaus.
    • Helen of Sparta, was the daughter of Zeus and
    Princess Leda. Of course, every prince in Greece
    wanted to marry her. Her mother’s new husband,
    King Tendareus of Sparta, had to choose among the
    suitors. He was afraid that whoever he chose would
    have to fight for Helen against all the rest/
    • To prevent this, he made them all take an oath that
    they would accept his decision and support the
    cause of Helen’s husband if any wrong were
    committed against him because of this marriage.
    The suitors, each thinking he might be the one
    chosen, swore the oath and promised solemnly to
    punish any man who interfered with the marriage.
    Tyndareus then chose Menelaus, brother of
    Agamemnon, King of Mycenae, and made
    Menelaus a king of Sparta, too.
    • Meanwhile, Aphrodite led Paris directly to Sparta.
    Menelaus and Helen received the Trojan Prince
    graciously. They trusted him so completely that
    Menelaus went off on an expedition to Crete, leaving his
    wife to entertain their guest. The ties between host and
    guest among the Greeks were sacred, but Paris violated
    that trust, with the help of Aphrodite, who turned her arts
    on Helen and made her fall madly in love with the boy.
    When Menelaus got back he found his guest gone and
    his wife with him.
    Here the oath and pact of the suitors went into effect. The brother of the injured
    husband, King Agamemnon of Mycenae, as commander in chief, was able to
    rally nearly all of the Greek kings to bring Helen back.
    The Beginning of War
    • King Menelaus called on all those who were loyal to him.
    • They gathered a huge army and built a thousand ships to carry the army to
    Troy.
    • Helen of Sparta was now called “Helen of Troy.”
    • She was “The face that launched a thousand ships.”
    The Trojan War
    • The battle raged for 10
    years.
    • Many great heroes lost
    their lives.
    • A prophet predicted
    that Troy could be
    captured only with the
    help of Achilles.
    The Hero Achilles
    • Knowing of the prophecy, and worried
    that her son would be killed in war,
    Achilles’ mother dipped him in the river
    Styx to make him immortal.

    • His only weakness was the place on his


    heals where she held him.
    Achilles

    • Achilles agreed to allow his friend Patroclus to wear his


    armor. The next day Patroclus was killed and stripped of the
    armor by the Trojan hero Hector, who mistook him for
    Achilles.
    • Achilles was overwhelmed with grief for his friend and rage
    at Hector.
    • Achilles kills Hector. He desecrated the body, dragging it
    behind his chariot before the walls of Troy.
    • Finally Paris, aided by Apollo, wounded Achilles in the heel
    with an arrow; Achilles died of the wound.
    10 Years of War
    • The Gods are tired of watching men kill each other
    and decide to help end the war. Athena whispers

     
    an idea in the Spartan hero Odysseus’s ear.

                                    

                     
    gods and goddess take sides
    For Troy
    • Aphrodite
    • Ares
    • Apollo
    • Artemis
    Continued
    For the Greeks
    • Hera
    • Athena
    • Poseidon
    The Trojan Horse
    • Odysseus tells them they will
    build a huge horse of wood.
    • Some would climb inside
    and hide.
    • The rest would sail around
    the tip of the islan, where
    they could not be seen.
    • One would stay behind and
    tell the Trojans that he had
    been abandoned by the
    Greeks, and that the horse
    was an offering to Athena.
    The Fall of Troy
    • The Trojans believed
    the trick.
    • They had a huge
    banquet to celebrate the
    end of the war.
    • At night the men from
    inside the horse came
    out and unlocked the
    gates to the city.
    The Burning of Troy
    • The city is invaded by the
    army.
    • The Trojans are drunk and
    spent from their night of
    revelry, unable to fight
    back.
    • The Spartans destroy and
    burn the city.
    • Aphrodite saves Helen
    from the destruction.
    The War Ends
    • King Menelaus accepts
    Helen back.
    • The Warriors can now
    return home.
    • Odysseus leaves for
    home, his wife, and
    son.
    The Odyssey

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