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Distributed Database System: By: Madiha Hameed

This document provides an outline for a chapter on distributed database and multidb query processing. It discusses the mediator/wrapper architecture for integrating autonomous databases including how wrappers encapsulate DBMS details and mediators provide a global schema. It also covers issues in multidb query processing like heterogeneity, query rewriting using views and a Datalog example, and optimization challenges from differing capabilities of component DBMSs.

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Bilal Mushtaq
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56 views13 pages

Distributed Database System: By: Madiha Hameed

This document provides an outline for a chapter on distributed database and multidb query processing. It discusses the mediator/wrapper architecture for integrating autonomous databases including how wrappers encapsulate DBMS details and mediators provide a global schema. It also covers issues in multidb query processing like heterogeneity, query rewriting using views and a Datalog example, and optimization challenges from differing capabilities of component DBMSs.

Uploaded by

Bilal Mushtaq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Distributed Database

System

BY: MADIHA HAMEED

Ch.1/1
Outline
• Introduction
• Background
• Distributed Database Design
• Database Integration
• Semantic Data Control
• Distributed Query Processing
• Multidatabase Query Processing
➡ Query Rewriting
➡ Optimization Issues

• Distributed Transaction Management


• Data Replication
• Parallel Database Systems
• Distributed Object DBMS
• Peer-to-Peer Data Management
• Web Data Management
• Current Issues
Ch.1/2
Multidatabase Query Processing
• Mediator/wrapper architecture
• MDB query processing architecture
• Query rewriting using views
• Query optimization and execution
• Query translation and execution

Ch.1/3
Mediator/Wrapper Architecture
Mediator
Same Different
Interface Interfaces
Query
Processing Local
Wrapper1 DBMS1
Schema

Query Global local


Wrapper2 DBMS2
view schema
Results
local
Wrapper3 DBMS3
schema
Result
Integration
DBMS4

Ch.1/4
Advantages of M/W Architecture
• Wrappers encapsulate the details of component DBMS
• Export schema and cost information
• Manage communication with Mediator

• Mediator provides a global view to applications and users


• Single point of access
• May be itself distributed
• Can specialize in some application domain
• Perform query optimization using global knowledge
• Perform result integration in a single format

Ch.1/5
Issues in MDB Query Processing
• Component DBMSs are autonomous and may range from full-
fledge relational DBMS to flat file systems
• Different computing capabilities
• Prevents uniform treatment of queries across DBMSs
• Different processing cost and optimization capabilities
• Makes cost modeling difficult
• Different data models and query languages
• Makes query translation and result integration difficult
• Different runtime performance and unpredictable behavior
• Makes query execution difficult

Ch.1/6
Component DBMS Autonomy
• Communication autonomy
• The ability to terminate services at any time
• How to answer queries completely?

• Design autonomy
• The ability to restrict the availability and accuracy of information needed
for query optimization
• How to obtain cost information?

• Execution autonomy
• The ability to execute queries in unpredictable ways
• How to adapt to this?

Ch.1/7
Mediator Data Model
• Relational model
• Simple and regular data structures
• Mandatory schema

• Object model
• Complex (graphs) and regular data structures
• Mandatory schema

• Semi-structured (XML) model


• Complex (trees) and irregular data structures
• Optional schema (DTD or XSchema)

In this chapter, we use the relational model which is sufficient to


explain MDB query processing

Ch.1/8
MDB Query Processing
Architecture
Global/local
correspondences

Allocation and
capabilities

Local/DBMS
mappings

Ch.1/9
Query Rewriting Using Views
• Views used to describe the correspondences between global and
local relations
• Global As View: the global schema is integrated from the local databases
and each global relation is a view over the local relations
• Local As View: the global schema is defined independently of the local
databases and each local relation is a view over the global relations
• Query rewriting best done with Datalog, a logic-based language
• More expressive power than relational calculus
• Inline version of relational domain calculus

Ch.1/10
Datalog Terminology
• Conjunctive (SPJ) query: a rule of the form
• Q(T) :- R1(T1), … Rn(Tn)
• Q(T) : head of the query denoting the result relation
• R (T ), … R (T ): subgoals in the body of the query
1 1 n n
• R , … R : predicate names corresponding to relation names
1 n
• T , … T : refer to tuples with variables and constants
1 n
• Variables correspond to attributes (as in domain calculus)
• “-” means unnamed variable

• Disjunctive query = n conjunctive queries with same head predicate

Ch.1/11
Datalog Example
With EMP(ENAME,TITLE,CITY) and ASG(ENAME,PNAME,DUR)

SELECT ENAME,TITLE, PNAME


FROM EMP, ASG
WHEREEMP.ENAME = ASG.ENAME
AND TITLE = "Programmer" OR DUR=24

Q(ename,title,pname) :- Emp(ename,title,-)
Asg(ename,pname,-),
title = “Programmer”.
Q(ename,title,pname) :- Emp(ename,title,-)
Asg(ename,pname,24).

Ch.1/12
Question ?

13

Ch.1/13

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