NS Tutorial: mobile and wireless

network simulation

Ya Xu
USC/ISI
June 18, 1999

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Outlines

Use NS to simulate wireless
network

Extend NS to support mobile and
wireless application: Internal
implementation

Get support for your NS simulation

Credit

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 Get started

Download ns-2.1b5 or lastest from the web
 http://mash.cs.berkeley.edu/ns

Install ns in your system
 Binary release is provided for windows 9x/NT
 NS-allinone package is strongly recommended

Download nam if visualization is needed
 http://mash.cs.berkeley.edu/nam
 Included in ns-allinone package

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 TCL Basics

set a 123 ;#creates a variable whose name is
a and whose value is 123

set b $a ;#creates b whose value is a’s value

set c [expr $b+10] ;#evaluate the characters
between the brackets as
a TCL script and use the
result as the value of c

for {set i 0} {$i < 3} {incr i} {puts $i}

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 A simple wireless
simulation(1)
#Define Global Variables
set ns_ [new Simulator] ; create a ns simulator instance
set chan [new Channel/WirelessChannel]
; create a wireless channel
set prop [new Propagation/TwoRayGround]
; create a Radio propagation model
set topo [new Topography] ; create a topology and
$topo load_flatgrid 670 670 ; define it in 670x670 area and
$prop topology $topo ; propogation model keep a
; pointer to topology object
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 A simple wireless
simulation (2)
#Define standard ns/nam trace
set nsf [open nstrace.tr w] ; open file nstrace.tr for writing
$ns_ trace-all $nsf ; ns trace information

set namf [open namtrace.tr w] ; open file namtrace.tr for

$ns_ namtrace-all-wireless $namf 670 670
; writing nam trace info

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 A simple wireless
simulation (3)
#Define mobileNode
set mnode [$opt(rp)-create-mobile-node $id]
; $opt(rp) defines what ad hoc routing protocols
; are, either “dsdv” or “dsr” is acceptable so far.
; $id defines the node id of the mobile node
# Define node location and movement
$mnode set X_ 12.0 ;set node coordinate (x,y,z) to
$mnode set Y_ 27.0 ; (12.0, 27.0, 0.0)
$mnode set Z_ 0.0;
$ns_ at 1.0 $mnode setdest <x> <y> <speed>
; At time 1.0, node will start moving from its
;current location to (<x>,<y>, 0.0) at speed
;of <speed> Jump to first page
 A simple wireless
example(4)
#Create 3 mobile nodes with dsdv routing
for {set i 0} {$i < 3} {incr i} {
dsdv-create-mobile-node $i
}
#Include node movement scenario files
source movement-scenario-files

#Include traffic scenario files

source traffic-scenario-files

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 A simple wireless
example(5)
#Define simulation stop time
$ns_ at 10.0 “stop” ; stop simulation at time 10.0

#Start your simulation

$ns_ run

Source: See ns-2/tcl/ex/wireless-test.tcl for details

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Wireless Scenario
Generator(1)

Mobile Movement Generator
setdest -n <num_of_nodes> -p
pausetime -s <maxspeed> -t
<simtime> -x <maxx> -y <maxy>
See an example

Random movement
$node start
Source: See ns-2/indep-utils/cmu-
scen-gen/setdest/

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 Wireless Scenario
Generator(2)

Generating traffic pattern files
 CBR traffic
ns cbrgen.tcl [-type cbf|tcp] [-nn nodes] [-
seed seed] [-mc connections] [-rate rate]
 TCP traffic

ns tcpgen.tcl [-nn nodes] [-seed seed]

See an example
Source: See ns-2/indep-utils/cmu-scen-
gen/

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 Network Components
inside a mobilenode

Link Layer

ARP

Interface Queue

Mac Layer: IEEE 802.11

Network Interface

Radio Propagation Model
 Friss-space attenuation(1/ )2at near distance
r
 Two ray Ground (1/ ) at far distance
4
r
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 More about Trace

Currently, 3 types of trace object
 CMUTrace/Drop, CMUTrace/Recv,
CMUTrace/Send

Tracing packets that are dropped, received
and sent by agents, router, mac layers or
interface queues
set sndT [cmu-trace Send “RTR” $node]

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Visualize your simulation

Use nam to visualize:
 mobilenode position
 mobilenode moving direction and
speed
 control the speed of playback

See an example:

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 Feature summary(1)

Mac Layer: IEEE 802.11

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Ad hoc routing protocols: DSDV, DSR

Radio Propagation Model
 Friss-space attenuation at near distances
 Two ray ground at far distances

Antenna: an omni-directional antenna
having unity gain

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Feature summary (2)

Scenario generator for traffic and
node movement

Base station node to bridge wired
domain and wireless domain

MobileIP

Symmetric architecture with wired
LAN (IEEE 802.3)

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Feature summary(3)

Visualization of node movement
and reachability

Gridkeeper optimizer for some
scenarios

Energy consumption model for
sensor networks

Validation test-suites for dsdv, dsr,
base station, mobileIP, gridkeeper

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Outlines

Use NS to simulate wireless
network

Extend NS to support mobile
and wireless application:
Internal Implementation

Get support for your NS simulation

Credit

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Abstract the real mobile
world into your simulation

Node

Packets

Wireless channel and channel access

Forwarding and routing

Radio propagation model

Trace/Visualization

Event scheduler to make everything
running

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A mobile node abstraction

Location
 coordinates (x,y,z)

Movement
 speed,direction, starting/ending
location,time ...

Forwarding

Network stack for channel access
 IEEE 802.11

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 Implementing mobile node
by Extending “standard”
NS node
Node Classifier:Forwarding

Agent: Protocol Entity

Routing Node Entry
LL ARP LL LL:Link layer object
IFQ:Interface queue
MAC
Radio

PHY
Propagation
Model
MAC
MAC:Mac object
MobileNode PHY PHY:Net interface
CHANNEL
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Wireless Channel

Duplicate packets to all mobile
nodes attached to the channel
except the source itself.

It is the receiver’s responsibility to
decide if it can receive the packet

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 NS split model in the
MobileNode

Control/”Data” separation
 control operations in otcl: plumbing
 data pass through C++ object:composible

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 Extending NS Packet
Format to support wireless
simulation
ts_
cmn header
header ptype_
ip header
data uid_
……...
LL size_
Example: Get the pointer to the
Mac header: MAC 802_11 iface_
p->access(hdr_mac::offset_);
ARP

Source: ns-2/mac.cc ……...

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 Discrete Event Scheduler
p = deque(); // get current event
head_ -> p->handler_->handle(p)
head_ ->

An example: node position handler

node->update_position();
node->random_destination();
insert

Insert new event back to the queue

s = Scheduler::instance();
s.schedule(&node->handle, &node->pos_intr, interval);

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Outlines

Use NS to simulate wireless
network

Extend NS to support mobile and
wireless application: Internal
Implementation

Get support for your NS
simulator

Credit

Jump to first page

 Get Help

Main ns-2 web pages
 http://titan.cs.uni-bonn.de/~greis/ns/ns.html
 http://mash.cs.berkeley.edu/ns

Mailing lists
 [email protected]
 [email protected]

To subscribe
 [email protected]

Ask your classmates because ns is popular

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Outlines

Use NS to simulate wireless
network

Extend NS to support mobile and
wireless application: Internal
Implementation

Get support for your NS simulation

Credit

Jump to first page

Who committed the code

CMU

UC Berkeley

Sun Microsystem Inc.

USC/ISI

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Appendix A: Movement
file
$node_(2) set Z_ 0.000000000000
$node_(2) set Y_ 199.373306816804
$node_(2) set X_ 591.256560093833
$node_(1) set Z_ 0.000000000000
$node_(1) set Y_ 345.357731779204
$node_(1) set X_ 257.046298323157
$node_(0) set Z_ 0.000000000000
$node_(0) set Y_ 239.438009831261
$node_(0) set X_ 83.364418416244
$ns_ at 50.000000000000 "$node_(2) setdest 369.463244915743
170.519203111152 3.3
71785899154"
$ns_ at 51.000000000000 "$node_(1) setdest 221.826585497093
80.855495003839 14.9
09259208114"
$ns_ at 33.000000000000 "$node_(0) setdest 89.663708107313
283.494644426442 19.1
53832288917"

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Appendix B: Traffic
Scenario
set udp_(0) [new Agent/UDP]
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(0) $udp_(0)
set null_(0) [new Agent/Null]
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(2) $null_(0)
set cbr_(0) [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr_(0) set packetSize_ 512
$cbr_(0) set interval_ 4.0
$cbr_(0) set random_ 1
$cbr_(0) set maxpkts_ 10000
$cbr_(0) attach-agent $udp_(0)
$ns_ connect $udp_(0) $null_(0)
$ns_ at 127.93667922166023 "$cbr_(0) start"
…….

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 Greedkeeper: an
optimizer*

* optimization depends on your scenarioJump to first page