CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY
AND MATTER
 OBJECTIVES
• Share the importance of Chemistry to daily life
• Discuss the physical states, properties, and
classifications of matter
• Perform the steps in measuring matter and
converting the values to different systems of
measurements
• LESSON 1 – Chemistry and the World

• LESSON 2 – States, Properties, and Classifications

of Matter

• LESSON 3 – Scientific Measurement

 Chemistry and
LESSON 1 the World
• The study of the matter, its composition, its
structure, its properties, the processes that matter
undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany
these processes.
BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY
• ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
• INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
• BIOCHEMISTRY
• ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
• PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
The study of carbon – based compounds
 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
The study of compounds that do not contain carbon
 BIOCHEMISTRY
The study of the chemistry of living systems
 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
The study of the quality and quantity of components
of substances
 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
The study of the mechanism, rates, and energetics
of chemical reactions
 WHAT IS THE
SIGNIFICANCE OF
CHEMISTRY IN YOUR
COURSE/STRAND???
Take a look at the things around you!
What do you see?

Think about your personal and school

thing?

What have you eaten this breakfast?

 Contributions of Chemistry to Society

• Crop – enhancing agricultural chemicals

• Water treatment processes
• Life – saving pharmaceuticals
• Industrial products (plastics, fibers, food)
• Household products
• Energy source
• etc.
 States, Properties,
and Classifications
LESSON 2 of Matter
 What is Matter?

Matter is anything
that occupies space
and has mass
STATES OF MATTER
STATES OF MATTER

PLASMA!
STATES OF MATTER

BOSE EINSTEIN CONDENSATE

FERMIONIC CONDENSATE
QUARK – GLUON PLASMA
 HOW ARE THE
STATES OF MATTER
DISTINGUISHED?
 PROPERTY SOLID LIQUID GAS
MOLECULAR close to each other / farther apart from each very far apart from each
compact / closely - packed other / less closely - packed other
ARRANGEMENT
ATTRACTIVE FORCE very strong attractive force strong attractive force weak attractive force
COMPRESSIBILITY almost incompressible slightly compressible highly compressible
SHAPE definite not definite; takes the shape not definite; takes shape of
of the container the container
VOLUME definite definite not definite; takes volume
of the container
DENSITY high high very low
DIFFUSION extremely slow slow rapid
EXPANSION
low low high
(upon heating)
 PROPERTIES OF MATTER

• PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Based on changes

• CHEMICAL PROPERTIES matter undergo

• EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES
• INTENSIVE PROPERTIES Based on amount of
matter
 PHYSICAL PROPERTY

PHYSICAL CHANGE
It is a type of change in which only form or phase of
the substance is altered.

(ex. length, temperature, color).

 CHEMICAL PROPERTY

CHEMICAL CHANGE
It is a type of change in which chemical composition is
altered.

(ex. flammability, rate of rusting)

 COMPARE AND CONTRAST…
PHYSICAL CHANGE CHEMICAL CHANGE
Alters only the physical properties but Alters all the physical properties and
chemical composition remains totally chemical composition is altered
unaltered
No new results are formed A new substance is formed

Change is reversible Change is irreversible

Mass of a substance remains unaltered Mass of substance gets totally altered
 TELL WEATHER THE
GIVEN EXAMPLES
SHOWS A
PHYSICAL / CHEMICAL
CHANGE
1. RUSTING OF IRON
2. SOURING OF MILK
3. TEARING OF PAPER
4. FREEZING OF WATER
5. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 EXTENSIVE PROPERTY
Properties that depend on the amount of matter.

(ex. mass, volume, length, shape)

 INTENSIVE PROPERTY
Properties that do not depend on the amount of matter

(ex. Density, melting point, freezing point,

hardness, electrical and heat conductivity)
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
MATTER
PURE SUBSTANCE MIXTURE

ELEMENT HOMOGENEOUS

COMPOUND HETEROGENEOUS
 PURE SUBSTANCE vs. MIXTURE

PURE MIXTURE
SUBSTANCE

Matter with fixed Matter composed

chemical of 2 or more pure
composition substances

Cannot be Can be separated

separated by by physical means
physical means
 ELEMENTS vs. COMPOUNDS

ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS

made up of one Made up of two or

type of atom more atoms

Cannot be broken Can be broken

down into simpler down into simpler
substances substances
 HOMOGENEOUS vs
HETEROGENEOUS
HOMOGENEOUS HETEROGENEOUS

Composition is Composition is not

uniform uniform
throughout throughout
 TELL WHETHER THE
GIVEN EXAMPLES IS AN
ELEMENT OR
COMPOUND
1. SILVER
2. MERCURY
3. HYDROCHLORIC ACID
4. HELIUM
5. GLUCOSE
 TELL WHETHER THE
GIVEN EXAMPLES IS AN
HOMOGENEOUS OR
HETEROGENEOUS
MIXTURE
1. HALO - HALO
2. SALTWATER
3. ALCOHOL
4. MIXED CHOCOLATES
5. MAYONNAISE
 Scientific
LESSON 3 Measurement
 CHEMISTRY IS AN EXPERIMENTAL
SCIENCE!

HOW TALL ARE YOU?

HOW HEAVY ARE YOU?

HOW FAR IS THE SUN FROM EARTH?

MEASUREMENT!
 What is Measurement?

It is the process of
quantifying the
properties of an
object
 SYSTEMS OF MEASUREMENTS

• ENGLISH SYSTEM F–P–S

(foot – pound – seconds)
ft. lb. s

• METRIC SYSTEM C–G–S

(centimeter – gram – seconds)
cm. g s
HOW DO WE REPRESENT
VERY BIG QUANTITIES TO
A SMALLER VALUE?
CONVERSION!
 Sample Problem # 1 for
Conversion

Convert 15000 meters to kilometers

SOLUTION
Sample Problem # 2 for
Conversion

Convert 5000 kilograms to

grams
SOLUTION
Sample Problem # 3 for
Conversion

Convert 5 hours to seconds

SOLUTION
Sample Problem # 4 for
Conversion

Convert 37 degree Celsius to

Fahrenheit
SOLUTION
 Sample Problem # 5 for
Conversion

Convert 300 degrees Fahrenheit

to Celsius
SOLUTION
 WORD PROBLEM #1

New pipeline to supply water will be 1.2 km

long. Staff put it on both ends. There is
already 0.492 km of pipeline put on one side
and 53,500 cm from the other side. How
many meters of pipeline have still to be put ?
SOLUTION
 WORD PROBLEM # 2

Before a boxer qualifies in the Heavyweight

division, he must weigh at about 200 lbs.
How many kilograms should Manny weigh
before the weigh - in?
SOLUTION
 WORD PROBLEM # 3

Etna Carinae is the hottest star in the Milky

Way galaxy so far. Its temperature is about
40,000 K. How hot is it in degree Celsius?
SOLUTION
 OBJECTIVES
• Share the importance of Chemistry to daily life
• Discuss the physical states, properties, and
classifications of matter
• Perform the steps in measuring matter and
converting the values to different systems of
measurements