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Lesson 4 - Independent and Dependent Events

This document provides instruction on probability concepts including sets, subsets, unions, intersections, independent events, and dependent events. It defines these terms and provides examples. Students will learn to calculate the probability of compound (intersection) events. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to determine if events are independent or dependent and how to calculate the probability of two events occurring using multiplication. Students practice problems identifying independent vs. dependent events and calculating probabilities of compound events. Real-world examples are used to help explain the concepts.

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JACKSONGIRL FOR ETERNITY
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244 views15 pages

Lesson 4 - Independent and Dependent Events

This document provides instruction on probability concepts including sets, subsets, unions, intersections, independent events, and dependent events. It defines these terms and provides examples. Students will learn to calculate the probability of compound (intersection) events. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to determine if events are independent or dependent and how to calculate the probability of two events occurring using multiplication. Students practice problems identifying independent vs. dependent events and calculating probabilities of compound events. Real-world examples are used to help explain the concepts.

Uploaded by

JACKSONGIRL FOR ETERNITY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Warm Up - Vocabulary Intro

 Fill in the column “What I think the definition


is” for the following vocabulary words:
◦ Set
◦ Subset 5 minutes
◦ Complement
◦ Union
◦ Intersection
◦ Compound Events
◦ Independent Events
◦ Dependent Events
Today’s Objective
 Students will understand the difference
between independent and dependent events.

 Students will be able to calculate the


probability of compound events for
intersection problems.
Vocabulary
 
 Set – a well-defined collection of distinct objects
◦ Example: The students in all of my classes
 Subset – a smaller, more specific group within a larger group
◦ Example: All of the boys in my classes
 Complement – every element in the set that is NOT a specified
subset
◦ Example: Complements to the subset of 1st period would be all other
periods
 Union – The set of all elements in one group OR another. .
◦ Example: All students in 2nd period or 4th period.
 Intersection – The set of elements in both groups A AND B. (.
◦ Example: If one of my students had me for two different periods. (All
students in 4th Period AND 2nd Period).
Let’s Use our Vocab!
 Consider an experiment or study where 1000 were surveyed about their
favorite baseball team(s) and age.
1.) Describe who would be the entire “set” of people.
◦ All 1000 people

2.) Describe a subset within the entire group.


◦ Example: All Dodgers fans, All between ages 20-29

3.) Describe the complement of a subset within the entire group.


◦ Example: Complement of Giant Fans: All people who are NOT Giant fans

4.) Describe the union of two subsets of the entire group.


◦ Example: All Dodgers Fans or Oakland A’s Fans.

5.) Describe the intersection of two subsets of the entire group.


◦ Example: All Dodger Fans between the Ages of 30-39.
Compound Events
 A compound event consists of two or more
simple events.
◦ Example:
 Drawing two consecutive Aces from a deck of cards.
 Rolling an even and then an odd number on a number
cube
 Flipping a coin twice and landing on tails both times.

 Compound Events can be both independent


and dependent events.
Independent Events
 Events A and B are independent events if the
probability that A occurs does not affect the
probability that B occurs.

◦ Example: Probability that you flip a coin and it lands


on heads and you spin a spinner that lands on red.
Dependent Events
 Events A and B are dependent events if the probability
that A occurs in some way changes the probability that B
occurs.
 Consider choosing objects from a group of objects.
(Drawing a playing card). If you replace the object each
time, choosing additional objects are independent
events. If you DO NOT replace the object each time,
choosing additional objects are dependent events.

◦ Example: When trying to pull two consecutive kings from a deck


of cards, you do not put the first one back before you draw the
second time.
◦ NOTE: Why is the second event’s probability changed?
Practice
 Determine whether the events are independent or dependent. Explain!
◦ A. Experiment: Two coins are tossed
 Event A: The first coin lands on heads.
 Event B: The second coin lands on tails.

◦ B. Experiment: In a class, one student’s name is chosen and NOT replaced, and
then a second name is chosen.
 Event A: Billy is selected on the first trial.
 Event B: Billy is selected again on the second trial.

◦ C. Experiment: Lottery numbers are chosen on Wednesday and Saturday


 Event A: You win the lottery on Wednesday
 Event B: You win the lottery on Saturday.

◦ D. Experiment: Two children are born.


 Event A: The first child has red hair.
 Event B: Both children have red hair.
More Practice!
Determine whether the events are independent or dependent.
Explain!

1.) A card is selected from a deck of cards and put back. Then a
second card is selected.
Independent Events

2.) Andrea selects a shirt from her closet to wear on Monday and
then a different shirt on Tuesday.
Dependent Events

3.) A name is drawn from my equity cards and set aside. Then
another name is drawn.
Dependent Events
Calculating Probability of Compound
Events – Intersection (AND)
  
The probability that two compound events
both occur is the product of the probabilities
of each individual event.

 BOTTOM LINE: To find the probability that


both events occur, multiply each individual
probability by each other. (This works for
more than two events also.)
Example 1: Making a Connection
  refer to a problem we’ve already done.
Let’s

 Find the probability that you flip a coin TWICE and it lands on tails in
both trials.

 Event A – First Coin lands on Tails

 Event B – Second Coin lands on Tails

 NOTE: Could we do this using decimals instead of fractions?


◦ Yes,
Practice - Quick Check
1.)
 
 A coin is tossed and a die is rolled. What is the probability that the coin lands
heads up and number rolled is a 6? Express your answer as a percentage and round
to the tenths.
Event A = Coin landing on Heads 
Event B = Number rolled is a 6 

2.) Suppose you toss a coin 4 times. What is the probability of getting four tails?
Express your answer as a fraction.

3.) Two cards are pulled from a deck of cards WITHOUT replacing the first. What’s
the probability of pulling 2 Jacks in a row? Write your answer as a simplified fraction.
Practice!

 
 You spin the spinner at right two times. What is the
probability that you spin an even number on the first
spin followed by an odd number on the second spin?
◦ Event A: Spinning an even number
◦ Event B: Spinning on odd number

◦ As a percentage 

 What is the probability that you spin an odd number


on the first spin followed by an even number on the
second spin? What do you notice?
Calls

Real World Connection


Hour Received That
Hour
7:00 AM 125
3:00 PM 200
  
 Suppose your favorite radio station is running a promotional

campaign. Every hour, four callers chosen at random get to


select two songs each. You call the station once after 7:00 AM
and again after 3:00 PM. What is the probability that you will be
one of the four callers both times you call?

 Question: Does one event effect the outcome of the other?


◦ No, they are independent events

 Event A: You are one of four callers at 7:00 AM =


 Event B: You are one of four callers at 3:00 PM =

 The probability of being one of four callers selected at random


both times you call is
Homework
 ALEKS #3: Compound Events (Intersection)

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