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Lecture 1 (Graphics Preliminaries) 1

This document defines and describes computer graphics. It states that computer graphics is the technology that deals with designs and pictures on computers. It involves using computers and programming to draw lines, charts, and other visual elements. Pixels are the smallest graphical units on a computer screen, and they are addressed using x and y coordinates. Raster graphics define each pixel separately, while vector graphics use mathematical formulas to draw shapes.

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91 views8 pages

Lecture 1 (Graphics Preliminaries) 1

This document defines and describes computer graphics. It states that computer graphics is the technology that deals with designs and pictures on computers. It involves using computers and programming to draw lines, charts, and other visual elements. Pixels are the smallest graphical units on a computer screen, and they are addressed using x and y coordinates. Raster graphics define each pixel separately, while vector graphics use mathematical formulas to draw shapes.

Uploaded by

Jannat Happy
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSC 455 - COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Lecture -1
What is Computer Graphics?
 Graphics are visual presentations on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, screen,
paper, or stone to illustrate, or entertain.
 Graphics word is derived from the word graph.
 A graph has x and y axis. Same way something which is created in digital world is
seen on a digital screen, this screen also has x and y axis.
 Computer graphics is an art of drawing pictures, lines, charts, etc using computers
with the help of programming. Computer graphics is made up of number of pixels.
Pixel is the smallest graphical picture or unit represented on the computer screen.

 The definition of computer graphics is that Visual representation and manipulation of


pictorial data by a computer.
Or
 Computer graphics are pictures and movies created using computers - usually
referring to image data created by a computer specifically with help from specialized
graphic hardware and software.

In short we can say that computer graphics is the technology that deals with designs and
pictures on computers.

CSC 455 2
Graphics consist of
All point addressable graphics-
the art of drawing items on the basic output devices such as
display screen by means of addressing different parts of the
display (as one might fill in squares on a piece of graph paper),

Real time method-


involves getting the CPU respond to user immediately. (user
entering information and the computer replying on the display
within tolerable time delay). 

Examples: Graphs- pie-charts, histograms, modern trend-


video games, multimedia.

CSC 455 3
Picture elements (Pixels)

• The monitor can be thought as a piece of graph paper,


split into squares with the help of row and column
lines

• These squares are called picture element or pixels,

• The pixel can be made to change colors, black-in,


rub-out

CSC 455 4
Identification of pixel
 Axis- In order to pick out a colored square- identification of the square
(pixel) is done by considering the screen as having two lines of reference
or axis, at right angle to each other at the left and top of the screen,
 Y- axis- The vertical axis at the left of screen (downward from left top),
 X- axis- The horizontal axis at the top of screen ( towards right from left
top)
 Origin- The point at which the X-axis and the Y-axis intersect (the left top
of the screen)
 Coordinates- To identify a particular pixel on the graph specify how far
along the X-axis it is and then how far along the Y-axis.
 Coordinates of pixels- The position of the pixel is then the pair of
numbers showing the distances on X-axis and Y-axis. This pair of number
in brackets is called coordinates of the pixel.

CSC 455 5
Identification of pixel
VGA mode- the number of pixels in VGA mode is fixed at 640 x 480. (480
rows of 640 pixels = total 307200 pixels)

Origin
(0,0) X-axis (639, 0)
Y-axis

(0, 479) (639, 479)

CSC 455 6
Address of pixel
• Pixel is the smallest addressable screen element which can be
controlled.
• The monitor can be visualized as one dimensional array of
pixels.
• Thus each pixel has an address, which can be computed as :
address of P(i,j) = addr(0,0) + j x imax + i,
where imax is the maximum number of pixels in a row,
j = number of rows .
0<= i < imax and 0<= j < jmax .
(In standard VGA mode imax = 640 and jmax = 480)

CSC 455 7
Types of Computer Graphics
Basically, There are two types of computer
graphics:

1. Raster Graphics, where each pixel is


separately defined (as in a digital photograph).

2. Vector Graphics, where mathematical


formulas are used to draw lines and shapes,
which are then interpreted at the viewer's end to
produce the graphic.

Vector Graphics can be magnified infinitely


without loss of quality, while pixel-based
graphics cannot.

CSC 455 8

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