Second life for DM’90 in Indonesia?

ir. Leo Haring

drs. Han Harlan

HLR Consultancy

The Hague/Utrecht/Jakarta

Second life for DM’90

 Our mandate

Date 3 February 2020 Telephone 06 - 47 38 48 78

Our reference Re C&O/NSR/AM/APK/00077 E-mail
[email protected]
Re Potential sale of DM '90 diesel trainsets

Dear Mr. Haring,

With this letter, I confirm that HLR Consultancy has been contracted by Dutch Railways NS to represent
NS in meetings with representatives of:
- the Indonesian ministry of transport;
- the consortium that is to operate the Trans-Sulawesi railway line;
-several industrial parties that may be involved in the preparation of rolling stock for the afore mentioned
services about the potential sale by NS and purchase by an Indonesian party of DM ’90 diesel multiple
units, and subsequent use of these DMU’s on the Trans-Sulawesi railway line.

Yours sincerely,

Simon Pready
Head Asset Strategy

Second life for DM’90

 Zutphen

Second life for DM’90

 Introduction

Currently 47 DM ’90 DMUs are available for sale since December 2017 because NS
(Dutch Railways) does not operate diesel trains anymore. The NS main line network
is 100% electrified and regional diesel lines are being operated by other operators
using their own trains. Furthermore, regional public transport authorities set
additional requirements which are not all met by DM ’90.

53 trainsets were delivered in 1996-1998 and decommissioned between 2009 and

2017. NS prefers to sell the relatively young trains rather than scrapping.

Depending on the exact state of the individual trainsets, a price between € 35.000
and € 50.000 per DMU is envisaged. This price range is due to the enlarged width of
the carbody by 300 mm to 3.200 mm for passenger comfort. This reduces the
possibility to use the trains in some other (European) countries.

Second life for DM’90

 Decommisioning

Between 2009 and 2017 all trainsets were decommissioned exept trainset 3405 disposed
due to an heavy accident in 2003.

Starting from 13 December 2009 15 trainsets (3427-3436 and 3443-3447) were

decommissioned but short after decommissiong in winter 2009-2010 deployed again for a
short period due to seriuous winter weather conditions.

Up to 2016 33 trainsets were decommissioned (3401, 3402, 3403, 3404, 3409, 3410, 3414,
3427-3435 and 3437-3453) after having been irregularly used by NS and regional rail
operators due to weather or technical problems with their trains.

On 9 December 2017 all remaing trains used by NS were decommissioned due to transfer
of the last NS diesel train services to an other operator. 

The DM’90’s have been in service for 12 – 20 years. Currently the oldest NS trains still in
service are 45 years old.

Second life for DM’90

 Purpose of this presentation

The used DM’90 diesel train are now available for other railway operators who need
trains and would like to solve a train availablity problem for both a shorter or longer
period. The purpose of this presentation is:

•To provide information about DM’90 diesel trains to major stake-holders: future
operators, government and industry;

•To discuss the legal, operational, technical and organizational questions that need
to be answered in case purchase of DM’90 trains for operation on the Makassar-
Parepare railway line is being considered;

•To help to identify various aspects that need to be addressed in order to get a
permit to use the trains in Indonesia and to contribute to finding solutions for
questions that can be solved with support from NS.

Second life for DM’90

 Makassar - Parepare

142 km
23 stations

Second life for DM’90

Railways in The Netherlands

Second life for DM’90

 Current main types of NS trains

Double-deckers for intercity services

Sprinters for local trains

Second life for DM’90

DM’90 in regular service in Zwolle

Second life for DM’90

Last day of operation 14-10-2017

Second life for DM’90

Transport to final stabling tracks

Second life for DM’90

 Wide body

In order to get more space DM'90 has a buckled body-side with a maximum width of
3,20 m, 300 mm wider than most other Dutch trains.

Due to a special design of the body-side and reduction of the suspension travel
(lateral movement) the kinematic gauge of the DM’90 train is within the maximum
permissible for the Dutch railway network.

The Makassar-Parepare line is initially built as single track so no gauge problems

may be expected. In case double track will be installed later it must be checked
whether adaptation of the planned distance between the tracks is necessary.

Second life for DM’90

 Gauges

ProRail uses 4 different gauges in NL:

G2, NL1, GC en NL2

The international gauge G2 is being used

on some (diesel) lines.

Most lines in Nederland meet gauge NL1

which is wider than G2: 3,600 m.

Second life for DM’90

 General characteristics of DM’90 (1)

Train manufacturer Bombardier Transportation (ex Düwag/Talbot), Aachen (D)

Years of construction 1996-1998

Commisioning 1996-1998
Decommissioning 2010-2017
Train composition Bk + ABk
Maximum train
4 trains
composition
Axle-arrangement 2'B' + B'2'
Axles 8
Track gauge 1.435 mm
Length over couplers 52.340 mm
Width 3.200 mm ¹)
Height 4.142 mm
Maximum speed 140 km/h

Second life for DM’90

 General characteristics of DM’90 (2)

Floor height 1,160 mm

Doors pneumatic swing-plug doors 4 per side
Wheel diameter (new) 920 mm
Distance between bogie
17.920 mm
centres
Distance axles in bogie 2.500 mm
Weight (empty) 96,8 t
Axle load (empty) 14,75 t
Ton/meter (empty) 2,3 t/m
Oerlikon high power pressure disc brakes Automatic load control
Brakes
Solenoid track brakes
Braked weight Empty = 140 t, loaded = 172 t
Brake inscriptions <R> O-RA-Mg (D)
Maximum speed 140 km/h
Traction Diesel hydraulic

Second life for DM’90

 General characteristics of DM’90 (3)

Diesel engines Two in line six-cilinder Cummins, type NTA 855 R4

Power 2 x 320 = 640 kW
Transmission Hydrodynamic (Voith, type T211 rzze)
Fuel tank capacity 2 x 1.000 = 2.000 l 
Automatic couplers Scharfenberg
Kinematic gauge NL1 (width 3600 mm)
Minimum curve radius 135 m (loaded), 120 m (empty) Vmax = 35 km/h
Train control system ATB VV en ATB NG
Train radio GSM-
Door width 1.300 mm
Seats first class 12
Seats second class 123
Folding seats 34
Heating and cooling Heating, no air-conditioning system

Second life for DM’90

 Major systems

Traction: 320 kW Cummins diesel engine with turbocharger and

intercooler and Voith hydrodynamic gearing;

Passenger info: system for transmission of info to passengers and

destination boards;

Ventilation/heating: heating energy taken from engine cooling water;

HOVIS control: heart of train control system, supporting control,

monitoring, alarms, diagnostics and recording;

Electrical system: three phase generator driven by hydraulic motor fed by

hydrostatic pump connected to traction diesel engine;

Pneumatic system: Knorr screw-type compressor including dryer.

Second life for DM’90

 Main system suppliers

Talbot (Aachen) Steel body, paint work, windows, doors,

isolation.
Duewag (Uerdingen) Assembly
SIG Bogies
RMO Bogies
Cummins Diesel engines
Voith Hydrodynamic transmission
Flender Axle drives
Holec Electrical equipment and HOVIS
Knorr Pneumatic equipment
ACEC ATB New generation

Second life for DM’90

KRD MCW 302

Second life for DM’90

Doors and drivers cab

Second life for DM’90

Second class interior

Second life for DM’90

Multi-functional space

Second life for DM’90

 RMO 9000 bogies

Standard bogie for most types

of electric and diesel trains in
The Netherlands, Stork RMO
design, built by SIG

Second life for DM’90

Bogie based on RMO 9000

Second life for DM’90

 Why is DM’90 attractive (1)

Introduction of DM’90 trains for operation of the Makassar-Parepare railway is attractive

for the following reasons:

•After modifications and other preparations for operation , the DM ’90 trainsets are a
good basis for railway operations on the Trans-Sulawesi line for the next ten to twenty
years after modification.

•The Trans-Sulawesi railway will allow a higher operational speed up to 200 kmh
instead of the maximum speed of 120 kmh on railway lines on Jawa. ¹) In
case the operator plans to introduce new rolling stock based on the higher speed, DM
’90 can be the ‘back-up’ fleet to enable a smooth introduction of the new trains.

•An earlier start of operation of the line is possible before new trains are available that
probably still needs to be designed, built, commissioned and accepted.

¹) Proyek Kereta Api Sulawesi Lebih Cepat dari Jawa , Tribunjateng.com, 24-10-2016

Second life for DM’90

 Why is DM’90 attractive (2)

• NS’ experience is that having a back-up fleet of DM’90 can help to mitigate
consequences due to teething-problems in the first years of operation of new
trains for one or more years.

• Attractive financial transaction:

The price of a new DM’90 in 1996 – 1998 was € 6,6 mil per train based on a batch
size of 53 trains (price level 1996-1998).
The price per used train in 2020 is about 50.000 €.
The costs of transfer of a train to Indonesia are in the range € 100-125.000.
Costs of modifications and preparations for operation need to be added and
should be quickly identified in order to establish the final total costs per train.

• Some extra trains can provide spare parts by cannibalizing, in particular necessary
in case of spare parts obsolescence.

Second life for DM’90

 Preparations for operation

The trains differ in terms of technical state and maintenance status. The trains
that were in service until the end of 2017 could be used to start up services.
The DMUs that have been stored for a longer period of time can be prepared for
further extensions of the line at a later moment.

Modifications are recommended/necessary to make the trains suitable for

Indonesian operational conditions that can be performed by the Indonesian
industry, such as but not limited to:
• air-conditioned passenger compartments for improved passenger comfort;
• closed toilet system (harness points for a waste tank already available);
• a new interior concept with other seating lay-out;
• re-arrangement of the multifunctional areas;
• train control and equipment for communication.

Second life for DM’90

 PT CRI Celebes Railway Indonesia

Except technical information about DM’90, following aspects should be discussed

with PT CRI Celebes Railway Indonesia in order to determine the number of trains that
might be needed and preparations for operation:
•Vision on first phases of operation;
•Transportation network;
•Modificaties to prepare DM’90 for operation in Indonesië;
•Admission requirements of MOT;
•Organisation for Management of Operation and Maintenance;
•Depot and maintenance facilities;
•Costs of purchase, transport to Indonesia and modifications;
•Prospects for future developments due to future phases of the railway and finally to
Manado.

Second life for DM’90

 Ministery of Transport (MOT)

Issues to be discussed with MOT are:

•Applicable laws and regulations;

•Rail-infrastructure characteristics of Makassar-Parepare railway in relation to
adjustments that might be necessary due to operation with DM’90 (e.g. gauges,
stations with platform dimensions);
•Various safety aspects (e.g. crash worthiness, fire)
•Signalling and train control system;
•Safety passengers (e.g. doors, interior);
•Communication systems;
•Traffic management;
•Passenger information;
•Permit for train operation, procedures.

Second life for DM’90

 PT INKA

With PT INKA important issues shall be discussed. The outcome of the

discussions are important for the decision-making process whether or not to
purchase the DM’90 trains:

•Elaboration of mainly mechanical modifications that are necessary for operation

of DM’90 trains in Indonesia such as air-conditioning, and another interior and
seat layout, livery(?);

•Installation of various systems for communication, signalling and train control,

passenger information and other purposes;

•A possible role of PT INKA regarding Management and Maintenance of trains for

support of train operation;

•Establishment of workshop for repair and maintenance.

Second life for DM’90

 PT LEN

Discussion with PT LEN, the Indonesian manufacturer of electrical equipment

for railway traction and infrastructure and other users, can contribute to enable
operation with DM’90 including:

•Signalling: DM’90 trains shall be fitted with onboard equipment of the signalling
system that has been or will be selected for Makassar-Parepare railway as part
of the future railway line to Menado;

•Communication-systems such as:

- Signalling and train control;
- Passenger informatie.

•Providing support to the operator with regard to installation, repair and

maintenance of these and other electrical systems, including existing systems in
DM’90.

Second life for DM’90

 Conclusions

Taking into account some dead-lines, NS needs to know whether you believe
that it makes sense to investigate the possibility to operate the Makassar-
Parepare railway with DM’90 trains in the first years of operation and if so:
•Which questions need to be solved before a decision can be taken;
•Who will be responsible for solving these questions;
•Who will take the final decision to acquire the DM’90 trainsets for operation of
Makassar-Parepare.

In the interest of a reliable financial forecast it is necessary to start studies with

regard to the technical aspects (the preparation of the trainsets for operation in
Indonesia) very soon with the necessary involvement of all stakeholders: future
owner and operator, the industry and NS (for providing information).

Second life for DM’90

Thank you for your attention

13 Mei 2009

Second life for DM’90

Second life for DM’90