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Physics 1 Week 9

1. Momentum is defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity. It is calculated using the equation p=mv. 2. The impulse-momentum theorem states that force equals change in momentum over time (F=Δp/Δt). It can be used to calculate force from a change in an object's momentum. 3. The conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant. It can be used to solve problems involving collisions and explosions. 4. Collisions can be perfectly elastic, perfectly inelastic, or inelastic depending on whether kinetic energy is conserved. The conservation of momentum equation is used to analyze one and two-dimensional collisions.

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Santos, Alexsandria Paula
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360 views16 pages

Physics 1 Week 9

1. Momentum is defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity. It is calculated using the equation p=mv. 2. The impulse-momentum theorem states that force equals change in momentum over time (F=Δp/Δt). It can be used to calculate force from a change in an object's momentum. 3. The conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant. It can be used to solve problems involving collisions and explosions. 4. Collisions can be perfectly elastic, perfectly inelastic, or inelastic depending on whether kinetic energy is conserved. The conservation of momentum equation is used to analyze one and two-dimensional collisions.

Uploaded by

Santos, Alexsandria Paula
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MOMENTUM AND COLLISIONS

Quarter 1, week 9
IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM
• Linear
  momentum of an object moving with a velocity is define as the product of the mass
and velocity. Momentum symbol ize as (. Its unit is kg-m/s.
equation is given as:  

where:

m = mass
v = velocity
EXAMPLE:
•  There are 20 students in a school bus service with a 2500 kg moving with a speed of 4.25 m/s. (a)
what is the momentum of the bus and its passenger if the average mass of the a student is 125 kg? if 8
students get off from the bus, what is the momentum of the bus with its passenger if it continue to
move with the same speed?
solution:
(a) m = 2500 kg + 125 kg/students ( 20 students ) (b) m = 2500 kg + 125 kg/students ( 12
students )
= 4,750 kg = 3,750 kg
= (4,750 kg )(4.25 m/s) = mv = 3,750 kg ( 4.25 m/s )
= 20,187.5 kg-m/s = 15,937 kg-m/s
A CHANGE IN MOMENTUM
•  Force and Time:
equation is given as:

F=
force =
• Impulse-momentum theorem
F or F
EXAMPLE:
• A
  1250 kg car moving eastward with a velocity of 12 m/s collides with a pole and is brought
to rest in 0.20 sec. Find the force of the car during the collision?

solution:
using the impulse-momentum theorem:
F or F
F=
=

F = 75,000 N to the west


CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM
•  State that: “ the total momentum of all the system interacting with one another remains constant regardless
of the nature of the force between the system”
• Conservation of momentum equation:
total initial momentum = total final momentum

noted:
if the object initial at rest, the total momentum
=0
if the object is at final momentum, the total momentum
=0
EXAMPLE:
• A
  5.5 kg rifle fires an 11 g bullet with a velocity of 1000 m/s (a) what is the recoil velocity
of the rifle? (b) if the shooter holds the rifle firmly against his shoulder, what will be the
recoil velocity? Assume the mass of the shooter is 120 kg.
solution:

before and after firing the total momentum is equal to zero with respect
to rifle and bullet.
•  Equation:

(0.011 kg)(1000 m/s) + (5.5 kg)() = 0


(5.5 kg)
(5.5 kg) (5.5 kg)

is negative means it is opposite direction of

(b) If the shooter hold the rifle firmly against his shoulder, the momentum of the bullet
will be transferred to the body and to the rifle. Therefore the mass must be the sum
of the masses of the shooter and the rifle.
•Using
  again the conservation momentum,

(0.011 kg)(1000 m/s) + (120 kg + 5.5 kg)() = 0


125.5 kg() = -11 kg-m/s
125.5 kg 125.5 kg
COLLISIONS
• Define
  as the interaction between two or more bodies that come in contact with each other.
• Perfectly Inelastic:
the bodies cling to each other after collision and move with a common
velocity v.
eq:
•  Elastic
the bodies separate after collision. Kinetic Energy is conserved.

eq:

• Inelastic
the bodies separate after collision. But Kinetic Energy is not conserved.

eq:
EXAMPLE:
• A
  car A of mass 2000 kg moving at 72 km/hr east overtakes car B of mass 1250 kg and
moving at 60 km/hr east. Car A collides with Car B. the car stick together after collision.
Find their velocity after collision.

solution:
•  We used perfectly Inelastic. ( stick together after collision)

(2000 kg)(20 m/s) + (1250 kg)(16.67 m/s) = (2000 kg + 1250 kg)v


60,837.5 kg-m/s = 3200 kg(v)
3200 kg 3200 kg

v = 18.72 m/s
COLLISION IN TWO DIMENTIONS
• Example:
a car of mass 2500 kg moving at 12 m/s east collides with a 3000 kg car
moving at 15 m/s north. After the crash, the two cars stick together. Find
their speed and the direction immediately after impact.

 
solution:

Car A

Car B
•  From the conservation momentum

We may write this vector equation into its component. Initially, only car A has a horizontal
momentum and only car B has vertical momentum. So let and to be the vertical and
horizontal component of the final velocity.

for the x-component


)
(2500 kg)( 12 m/s) = ( 2500 kg + 3000 kg)
•For
  the y component
)
(3000 kg)(15 m/s) = (2500 kg + 3000 kg)

the actual speed: for direction:

= =
v = 9.9 m/s

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