Object Oriented Development with Java

(CT038-3-2-OODJ and Version VC1)

Data Types, Operators and

Expressions

Copyright 2016 Asia Pacific Institute of Information Technology

 Slide 2 of 35

Topic & Structure of the lesson

• Overview of
– Identifiers
– Data types
– Operators
– Expressions

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 3 of 35

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this topic, you should be able to:

• Define and differentiate the various data types
in Java
• Use operators in Java programs and
subsequently write expressions that make up a
Java program

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 5 of 35

Identifiers/Variables

Variables
int temperature; // The Fahrenheit
temperature
Think of variable like a container for a value :

32

temperature
temperature = 32; // temperature contains the value 32

The above is an assignment statement and “=“ is the

assignment operator.
CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 6 of 35

Identifiers/Variables

To declare > 1 variable :

int fahrTemp, centTemp;

int is the type name

Legal variable name must consists of a letter (upper- or

lowercase) followed by any number (including zero) of letters
& digits.

Illegal variable names : 4.7 !%--

Legal variable names :

temperature TEMP23 T $temp_1 T$$1
CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 7 of 35

Identifiers/Variables

int Temp;
temp=3;
cause Java to give the error

Undefined variable; temp

To declare a constant value :

final double PI = 3.14159;

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 8 of 35

Scope of Variables

A variable's scope is the block of code within which the

variable is accessible and determines when the variable is
created and destroyed. The location of the variable
declaration within your program establishes its scope and
places it into one of these 4 categories:
• Member variable
• Local variable
• Method parameter
• Exception-handler
parameter

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 9 of 35

Keywords

• Keywords ~ words that may seems to be legal variable

names but they are not because they are reserved by
the language for special uses.
• List of Keywords in Java :

abstract boolean break byte case cast

catch char class const continue default
do double else extends false final
finally float for future generic goto
if implements import inner instanceof int
interface long native new null operator
outer package private protected public rest
return short static sure switch synchronized
this throw throws transient true try
var void volatile while

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 10 of 35

Data types

All variables must have a data type and must be

initialized.
Eg. int count=3;
or
int count;
count=3;

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 11 of 35

Data types

• Java language is rich in its data types.

• The variety of data types available allow the
programmer to select the type appropriate to
the needs of the application.
• Two major categories of data type :
Primitive (Built in types)
Reference / Object (Derived Types)

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 12 of 35

Data types – primitive data types

Type Size/Format Description

integers
byte 8-bit two’s complement Byte-length integer
short 16-bit two’s complement Short integer
int 32-bit two’s complement Integer
long 64-bit two’s complement Long integer
Real numbers
float 32-bit IEEE 754 Single-precision floating point
double 64-bit IEEE 754 Double-precision floating point
others
char 16-bit Unicode character A single character
boolean true or false A boolean value

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 13 of 35

Data types – primitive data types

Examples of double values in Java :

3.14159 7.12 9.0 0.5e001 -16.3e+002
The e is called the e-notation in Java;
e separates the number from the exponent.
2.829281 x 108 <=>
2.829281e8
2. 13898121 x 10-15 <=>
2. 13898121e-15

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 14 of 35

Data types – reference data types

• Reference types :
– Arrays
– Classes

– The value of a reference type variable, is a reference to

the actual value or set of values represented by the
variable.

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 15 of 35

Data types – reference data types

– Example – class references

– Classes are the templates for creating objects.

class A
{
variables
constructors
methods
}

A a = new A( ) a is a reference to an object of class A

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 16 of 35

Data types – reference data types

– Example – Array references

int myArray [ ] = new int [4];

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 17 of 35

Operators in Java

What is an operator?
• An operator takes one or more arguments (operands) and
produces a new value
• An operator in Java can be
– Unary: operates on a single operand
– Binary: operates on 2 operands
– Ternary: operates on 3 operands
• A Java operator can be further classified in accordance with the
scheme as shown in the slide that follows

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 18 of 35

Operators in Java

Java supports a rich set of operators which can be

classified into six categories:
1. Arithmetic operators
2. Relational operators
3. Logical operators
4. Increment/Decrement operators
5. Assignment operators

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 19 of 35

Operators in Java

Arithmetic Operators
– Java language supports the arithmetic operators as listed
below for all integer and real numbers :
Operator Use Description
+ op1 + op2 Adds op1 and op2
- op1 - op2 Subtracts op1 from op2
* op1 * op2 Multiplies op1 by op2
/ op1 / op2 DIvide op1 by op2
% op1 % op2 The remainder of dividing op1 by op2

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 20 of 35

Operators in Java

Relational
A relational operator compares 2 values and determines
the relationship between them.
Operator Use Description
> op1 > op2 Op1 is greater than op2
>= op1 >= op2 Op1 is greater than or equal to op2
< op1 < op2 Op1 is smaller than op2
<= op1 <= op2 Op1 is smaller than or equal to op2
== op1 == op2 Op1 is equal to op2
!= op1 != op2 Op1 is not equal to op2

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 21 of 35

Operators in Java

Logical Operators
Relational operators are often used with logical operators to
construct more complex decision-making expressions.
Operator Use Description
op1 and op2 are both true,
&& op1 && op2
conditionally evaluates op2
Either op1 and op2 are true,
|| op1 || op2
conditionally evaluates op2
! ! op op is false
op1 and op2 are both true, always
& op1 & op2
evaluates op2
Either op1 and op2 are true, always
| op1 | op2
evaluates op2
Shorthand for and if-else statement
The ?: operator evaluates expression
?: expression ? op1 : op2
and returns op1 if it’s true and op2 if
it’s false

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 26 of 35

Operators in Java

Increment/decrement Operators

++ increase value by 1
-- decrease value by 1
Eg.
i++ OR ++i
k- - OR - -k

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 27 of 35

Operators in Java

Assignment Operators
Assignment operators are used to assign one value
to another. Listed below are the basic assignment
operators (=) as well as the shortcut assignment
operators.
Operator Use Description
= op1 = op2 Op1 = op2
+ = op1 += op2 op1 = op1 + op2
- = op1 -= op2 op1 = op1 - op2
* = op1 *= op2 op1 = op1 * op2
/ = op1 /= op2 op1 = op1 / op2
%= op1 %= op2 op1 = op1 % op2
&= op1 &= op2 op1 = op1 & op2
| = op1 |= op2 op1 = op1 | op2

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 28 of 35

Expressions

Definition : An expression is a series of variables,

operators and method calls (constructed according to
the syntax of the language) that evaluates to a single
value.
• Expression perform the work of a Java program.
• Expressions are used to :
• compute (eg. totalPrice = productCost +
shippingCost)
• assign values to variables (eg. count = 10)
• to help control the execution flow of a program
(eg while (count <10) count++;)
CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 29 of 35

Expressions

Basically, there are 2 types of expressions :

Expression with operators
eg.
temperature = 98;
total = (count + 10)* 25 / 4;
count++;

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 30 of 35

Expressions

Method call expression

eg. keyboard.nextInt(),
Integer.parseInt()
A method(function) call evaluates to the return
value of the method.
The return data type of a method expression
call is the same as the data type of the return
value of that method.

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 31 of 35

Follow Up Assignment

1. Write an expression that returns the solution

for the general form of the quadratic equation
as shown below

ax2 + bx + c = 0

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 32 of 35

Quick Review Question

We are going to work together to write some

more Java programs that we can test in the
lab.

1. Write a Java program to display the lines:

This is the first line.
This is the second line.
2. Write a Java program to
Assign the value 45.35 to the float variable
price, 10 to the integer variable units and
calculate and display the total value of price *
units
CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 33 of 39

Summary of Main Teaching Points

– Identifiers
– Data types
– Operators
– Expressions

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 34 of 35

Question and Answer Session

Q&A

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions
 Slide 35 of 35

Next Session

• Conditional constructs
– If… else construct
– Nested if…else constructs
– Switch…. Case
• Break and continue statements

CTO38-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Data types. Operators and expressions