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    3C.1 Shapes of Molecules

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    zerus ddaas
    The document describes the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory used to predict the shapes of molecules based on the number of electron pairs around the central atom. It provides examples of applying VSEPR theory to determine the shapes and bond angles in molecules such as BeCl2, BF3, CH4, NH3, H2O, CO2, PCl5, and SF6. It also includes practice problems drawing the shapes of molecules like H2S, PH3, PF3, SCl2, AsF5, and HCN based on their electron arrangements.

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    3C.1 Shapes of Molecules

    Uploaded by

    zerus ddaas
    124 views26 pages
    The document describes the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory used to predict the shapes of molecules based on the number of electron pairs around the central atom. It provides examples of applying VSEPR theory to determine the shapes and bond angles in molecules such as BeCl2, BF3, CH4, NH3, H2O, CO2, PCl5, and SF6. It also includes practice problems drawing the shapes of molecules like H2S, PH3, PF3, SCl2, AsF5, and HCN based on their electron arrangements.

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    3C.1 Shapes of molecules

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    The document describes the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory used to predict the shapes of molecules based on the number of electron pairs around the central atom. It provides examples of applying VSEPR theory to determine the shapes and bond angles in molecules such as BeCl2, BF3, CH4, NH3, H2O, CO2, PCl5, and SF6. It also includes practice problems drawing the shapes of molecules like H2S, PH3, PF3, SCl2, AsF5, and HCN based on their electron arrangements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    124 views26 pages

    3C.1 Shapes of Molecules

    Uploaded by

    zerus ddaas
    The document describes the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory used to predict the shapes of molecules based on the number of electron pairs around the central atom. It provides examples of applying VSEPR theory to determine the shapes and bond angles in molecules such as BeCl2, BF3, CH4, NH3, H2O, CO2, PCl5, and SF6. It also includes practice problems drawing the shapes of molecules like H2S, PH3, PF3, SCl2, AsF5, and HCN based on their electron arrangements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    3C.

    1 Shapes of molecules and Ions


    Learning Objectives:
    • Understand the principles of the electron pair repulsion theory, used to
    interpret and predict the shapes of simple molecules and ions
    • Understand the term bond angle
    • Know and be able to explain the shapes of, and bond angles in BeCl2,
    BCl3, CH4, NH3, NH4+, H2O, CO2, gaseous PCl5, SF6, and C2H4.
    • Be able to apply the electron pair repulsion theory t0 predict the shapes
    of , and bond angles in, molecules and ions analogous to those
    mentioned above.
    Valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory or VSEPR Theory:
    1. A single pair or double pair or a triple pair of electrons is considered as a
    single negative charge and counted as only one pair of electrons.
    2. The electrons pairs around the central atom repel, to be as far apart as
    possible to minimize repulsion.
    3. Lone pair-lone pair repulsion is greater than lone pair-bond pair repulsion
    which is greater than bond pair-bond pair repulsion. i.e.,
    lp-lp repulsion > lp-bp repulsion > bp-bp repulsion

    To find the shape of molecules we have to first find the number of electrons
    around central atom and how many of these are bond pairs and how many
    are lone pairs
    This can be obtained from dot and cross diagram.
    No. of No. of bond No. of lone shape Bond angle Diagram
    electron pairs pairs pairs

    2 2 0 Linear 1800

    3 0 Trigonal
    3 planar
    1200

    3 2 1 V-shape <1200
    No. of No. of bond No. of lone shape Bond angle Diagram
    electron pairs pairs pairs

    0 109.50
    4 4 Tetrahedral

    Trigonal
    4 3 1 pyramid
    1070

    4 2 2 V-shape 104.50
    No. of No. of bond No. of lone shape Bond angle Diagram
    electron pairs pairs pairs

    Trigonal 900 &


    5 5 0 bipyramid 1200

    Octahedral 900 &


    6 6 0 1800
    Draw dot and cross diagram for Beryllium chloride, BeCl2.

    Draw the shape of BeCl2 molecule.

    Name the shape of BeCl2 molecule.


    Linear.
    What is the bond angle in BeCl2.
    1800.
    Explain the shape and bond angle in BeCl2.
    There are two electron pairs around the central atom Be and both are bond
    pairs and no lone pair.
    The electron pairs repel to be as far apart as possible to minimize repulsion.
    This gives rise to linear shape and a bond angle of 1800.
    Boron trifluoride, BF3
    Draw dot cross diagram of BF3 molecule.

    Draw the shape of BCl3 molecule.

    Name the shape of BCl3 molecule.


    Trigonal planar.
    Explain the shape and bond angle in BF3.
    There are three electron pairs around the central atom B and all are bond pairs
    and no lone pair.
    The electron pairs repel to be as far apart as possible to minimize repulsion.
    This gives rise to trigonal planar shape and a bond angle of 1200.
    Methane molecule, CH4.

    Draw the shape of CH4 molecule.

    Name the shape of CH4 molecule.


    Tetrahedral.
    Explain the shape and bond angle of CH4.
    There are four electron pairs around the central atom C, all are bond pairs and
    no lone pair.
    Electron pair repels to be as far apart as possible giving rise to tetrahedral
    shape and a bond angle of 109.50.
    Phosphorus (v) chloride molecule, PCl5.

    Draw the shape of PCl5 molecule.

    Name the shape of PCl5 molecule.


    Trigonal bipyramid.
    Explain the shape and bond angle of PCl5.
    There are five electron pairs around the central atom P, all are bond pairs and
    no lone pair.
    Electron pair repels to be as far apart as possible giving rise to
    trigonal bi pyramid shape and a bond angle of 900 and 1200.
    Sulphur hexafluoride, SF6.

    Draw the shape of SF6 molecule.

    Name the shape of SF6 molecule,


    Octahedral.
    Explain the shape and bond angle of SF6.
    There are six electron pairs around the central atom S, all are bond pairs and
    no lone pair.
    Electron pair repels to be as far apart as possible giving rise to octahedral
    shape and a bond angle of 900 and 1800.
    Carbon dioxide molecule,CO2.

    Draw the shape of CO2 molecule.

    Name the shape of CO2 molecule.


    Linear shape.
    Explain the shape and bond angle of CO2.
    There are two electron pairs around the central atom C, both are bond pairs
    and no lone pair.
    Electron pair repels to be as far apart as possible giving rise to linear shape and
    a bond angle of 1800.
    Ammonia molecule, NH3.

    Draw the shape of NH3 molecule.

    Name the shape of ammonia molecule.


    Trigonal pyramid
    Explain the shape and bond angle of NH3 molecule.
    There are four electron pairs around the central atom N, three are bond pairs
    and one lone pair.
    Electron pair repels to be as far apart as possible to minimize repulsion giving
    rise to trigonal pyramid shape.
    Since the lone pair-bond pair repulsion is greater than bond pair-bond pair
    repulsion the bond angle reduces to 1070.
    Water molecule, H2O:

    Draw the shape of H2O molecule.

    Name the shape of water molecule.


    V-shape or angular shape
    Explain the shape and bond angle of H2O molecule.
    There are four electron pairs around the central atom O, two are bond pairs and
    two lone pairs.
    Electron pair repels to be as far apart as possible to minimize repulsion giving
    rise to v- shape or angular shape.
    Since the lone pair-lone pair repulsion is greater than lone pair-bond pair
    repulsion which is greater than bond pair-bond pair repulsion the bond angle
    reduces to 104.50.
    Checkpoint: Textbook page 83
    1. (a) Draw a diagram to show the shape of each of the following molecules
    (b guve the name of each shape :
    (i) H2S
    Ans. (a)
    (b)V-shaped

    (ii) PH3
    Ans. (a)
    (b) Trigonal pyramid
    (iii) PF3
    Ans. (a)

    (b) Trigonal pyramid

    (iv) SCl2
    Ans. (a)

    (b) V -shaped
    (v) AsF5
    Ans. (a)

    (b)Trigonal bipyramid

    (vi) HCN
    Ans. (b)
    (b)Linear

    (Vii) SO2
    Ans. (a)

    (b) V shaped
    2. Solid phosphorus pentachloride has the formula [PCl4]+ [PCl6]—
    (a)Draw a diagram to show the shape of each ion
    (b) State the bond angles present in each ion
    Ans

    109.50 900 and 1800


    3. Two possible ways of arranging the bonding pairs and lone pairs of
    electrons in a molecule of XeF4

    Suggest which of these two arrangements is more likely and justify your
    answer.
    Ans.

              is the preferred arrangement. 

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