SOLID

GEOMETRY
C E RT C - D AVA O
THE 5 REGULAR POLYHEDRA
Regular Polyhedron
• is a solid with all its faces identical regular
polygons.
• tetrahedron
• hexahedron (cube)
• octahedron
• dodecahedron
• icosahedron.
These solids are also known as Platonic solids in
honor of Plato (427 – 348 B.C.).
EULER’S EQUATION

FACES + VERTICES – EDGES = 2

 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
Determine the total surface area of an icosahedron if the
length of each edge is 10 cm

Answer: 866
Problem. Determine the total surface area of an icosahedron if the length of each edge is 10 cm
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
Find the radius of the inscribed sphere in an octahedron
with total surface area of 50sqrt(3) cm^2.

Answer: 2.04
Problem. Find the radius of the inscribed sphere in an octahedron with total surface area of 50sqrt(3) cm^2.
 CYLINDER
A cylinder is a three-dimensional geometric figure that has two congruent and parallel bases.

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒=
  𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∙ 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔h𝑡 = 𝜋 𝑟 2 ∙ h
 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 =2 𝜋 𝑟 ∙ h
h
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
  𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=2 𝜋 𝑟 ∙ h+𝜋 𝑟 2 +𝜋 𝑟 2
c
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
TOPIC: RIGHT CYLINDER

The lateral area of a right cylindrical tank is

h
48 m2 and its volume is 72 m3. Find the
altitude of the tank.

Answer: 8 meters

Volume = 72 m3
LSA = 48 m2
Problem 1. The lateral area of a right cylindrical tank is 48 m2 and its volume is 72 m3. Find the altitude of
the tank.
 OBLIQUE CYLINDER
An oblique cylinder is one with bases parallel to each other but not aligned to each
other.

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒=
  𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∙ 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔h𝑡 = 𝜋 𝑟 2 ∙ h
 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 =2 𝜋 𝑟 ∙ h
h

c
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
  𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=2 𝜋 𝑟 ∙ h+𝜋 𝑟 2 +𝜋 𝑟 2
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
TOPIC: OBLIQUE CYLINDER

The base area of a circular cylinder is 12 cm2 and an

10 cm
element of the cylinder is 10cm. Find the volume of
the cylinder if the element is inclined to the base at an
angle of 60 degrees.

60°
A = 12 cm2 Answer: 104 cm3

Volume = ?
Problem 2. The base area of a circular cylinder is 12 cm 2 and an element of the cylinder is 10cm. Find the
volume of the cylinder if the element is inclined to the base at an angle of 60 degrees.
 PRISMS
Prisms are polyhedron whose bases are equal polygons in parallel planes and whose sides are
parallelogram.

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒=
  𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∙ 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔h𝑡
 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 =𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∙ 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔h𝑡
h

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
  𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=𝐿𝑆𝐴 +(2
A ∙ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒) r

a Apothem is a line from the center of a regular

polygon at right angles to any of its sides.
 OBLIQUE PRISMS
A prism with an axis that is not at right angle to the base.

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒=
  𝐴𝑟∙ 𝐿
𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙
  𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 =𝑃𝑟 ∙ 𝐿
L h
Ar 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
  𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=𝐿𝑆𝐴 +(2 ∙ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)

a
Apothem is a line from the center of a regular
polygon at right angles to any of its sides.
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 3
TOPIC: PRISM

The right section of a prism is in the form of a regular

e
hexagon whose apothem measures 5 cm. If the lateral
area is 360 cm2, what is the length of the lateral edge
of the prism?

5 cm Answer: 10.4 cm

LSA = 360 cm2

Problem 3. The right section of a prism is in the form of a regular hexagon whose apothem measures 5 cm. If
the lateral area is 360 cm2, what is the length of the lateral edge of the prism?

5 cm
 CONE
A cone is a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat base to a point
called the apex or vertex. 

  1
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒= ∙ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∙ 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔h𝑡
3
 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 1 ∙ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∙ 𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔h𝑡
L
h 2
Ar

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
  𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=𝐿𝑆𝐴 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒

r
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 4
TOPIC: CONE

Find the volume of a right circular cone to be obtained

from a sector of radius 26 cm and whose central angle
measures 138.5°.

Answer: 800

Volume = ?
 138.5°

cm
26
Problem 4. Find the volume of a right circular cone to be obtained from a sector of radius 26 cm and whose
central angle measures 138.5°.
 PYRAMID
A pyramid is a polyhedron having any polygons as one face (base) with all other faces (sides)
being triangles meeting at a common vertex.

  1
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒= ∙ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∙ 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔h𝑡
3
 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 1 ∙ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∙ 𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔h𝑡
h
2
L
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
  𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=𝐿𝑆𝐴 +A 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
r
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 5
TOPIC: PYRAMID
m c

A regular hexagonal pyramid has one lateral edge

10

L which measures 10 cm. The length of one side of its

base is 6 cm. Find the altitude and the slant height of
the given pyramid. Also find the volume and the total
surface area.
m
6c

Answer: h = 8 cm, V = 249.4 cm3

Volume = ? L = 9.54 cm, TSA = 265.3 cm2
TSA = ?
Problem 5. A regular hexagonal pyramid has one lateral edge which measures 10 cm. The length of one side of
its base is 6 cm. Find the altitude and the slant height of the given pyramid. Also find the volume and the total
surface area.
Problem 5. A regular hexagonal pyramid has one lateral edge which measures 10 cm. The length of one side of
its base is 6 cm. Find the altitude and the slant height of the given pyramid. Also find the volume and the total
surface area.
 FRUSTUM

h
h
L
L

Ar r

  h   h
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒= (𝑏+ 𝐵+ √ 𝑏𝐵) 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒= (𝑏+ 𝐵 + √ 𝑏𝐵)
3 3
 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝐿 ( 𝑃𝑏+ 𝑃𝐵 )  𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝐿 (𝐶𝑏 +𝐶𝐵 )
2 2
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
  𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=𝐿𝑆𝐴+ 𝐴𝑏+ 𝐴𝐵 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
  𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=𝐿𝑆𝐴+ 𝐴𝑏+ 𝐴𝐵
 3 cm
SAMPLE PROBLEM 6
TOPIC: FRUSTUM OF A CONE

Find the volume of the frustum of a right circular cone

m
10 c

h
whose slant height is 10 cm and whose radii are 3 cm
and 9 cm.

9 cm Answer: 980.18 cm3

Ar
Problem 6. Find the volume of the frustum of a right circular cone whose slant height is 10 cm and whose radii
are 3 cm and 9 cm.
Problem 6. Find the volume of the frustum of a right circular cone whose slant height is 10 cm and whose radii
are 3 cm and 9 cm.
 64 m2
SAMPLE PROBLEM 7
TOPIC: FRUSTUM OF A PYRAMID

A granite block, in the form of a frustum of a regular

pyramid, has equilateral triangles as its bases. The
upper and lower base areas are 64m2 and 225m2,
225 m2
respectively. If the volume is 818m3, determine the
height of the frustum.

Answer: 6 m

Volume = 818 m3
Problem 7. A granite block, in the form of a frustum of a regular pyramid, has equilateral triangles as its bases.
The upper and lower base areas are 64m2 and 225m2, respectively. If the volume is 818m3, determine the height
of the frustum.
Problem 7. A granite block, in the form of a frustum of a regular pyramid, has equilateral triangles as its bases.
The upper and lower base areas are 64m2 and 225m2, respectively. If the volume is 818m3, determine the height
of the frustum.
 T R U N C AT E D P R I S M
Is a portion of a prism contained between the base and a plane that is not parallel to the base.

H3

H1
H5  
H2 H3 H4
Where n is the number of sides
H1
H2
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 8
T O P I C : T R U N C AT E D P R I S M
3600 m 3

8 cm
6 cm The volume of a truncated prism with an equilateral
triangle as it horizontal base is equal to 3600 cu. cm.
The vertical edges at each corners are 4, 6, and 8 cm.,
4 cm
respectively. Find one side of the base.
A. 37.22 cm C. 25.34 cm
s
B. 15.64 cm D. 30.52 cm

Answer: 37.22 cm
Problem 8. The volume of a truncated prism with an equilateral triangle as it horizontal base is equal to 3600
cu. cm. The vertical edges at each corners are 4, 6, and 8 cm., respectively. Find one side of the base.
 P R I S M AT O I D
A1
A1

h Am h
Am

A2 A2

  h
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒= ( 𝐴 1+ 𝐴 2+4 𝐴𝑚)
6
SPECIAL CASE:
SOLIDS SOLVABLE USING PRISMATOIDAL FORMULA:

Given circular base and a cross section perpendicular

to a given diameter
SPECIAL CASE:
SOLIDS SOLVABLE USING PRISMATOIDAL FORMULA:

Cylindrical wedge Intersection of 2 right

cylinder
SAMPLE PROBLEM 9
T O P I C : P R I S M AT O I D

A solid has a circular base of radius 20 cm. Find the

volume of the solid if every plane section
perpendicular to the base along a given diameter is
A. an equilateral triangle
B. a square

Answer: A) 18475 cm3 B) 42667 cm3

Problem 9. A solid has a circular base of radius 20 cm. Find the volume of the solid if every plane section
perpendicular to the base along a given diameter is
A. an equilateral triangle
B. a square
SAMPLE PROBLEM 10
TOP I C: P R I S M AT O I D

A wedge is cut out of a cylindrical log of radius 4” by

two planes. One is perpendicular to the axis of the
cylinder and the other intersects the first at an angle
30° along a diameter of the cylinder. Find the volume
of the cylindrical wedge.

Answer: 24.63 in2

Problem 10. A wedge is cut out of a cylindrical log of radius 4” by two planes. One is perpendicular to the axis
of the cylinder and the other intersects the first at an angle 30° along a diameter of the cylinder. Find the
volume of the cylindrical wedge.
 SPHERE
Is a portion of a prism contained between the base and a plane that is not parallel to the base.

R
  4 3
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒= 𝜋𝑅
3
𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒
  𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎=4 𝜋 𝑅 2
ZONE
One Base Two Bases

h
R h

Lateral Area of Zone, A

SPHERICAL SEGMENT
Two Bases

R
h
b
SPHERICAL SEGMENT
One Base

R h
R
SPHERICAL SECTOR

h
R

R
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 12
A hemispherical salad bowl of diameter 40 cm is filled with
salad to a depth of 15 cm. What percent of the capacity of
the bowl is filled with salad?

A. 28.125% C. 63.28%
B. 34.56% D. 10.23%

Answer: 63.28%
Problem 12. A hemispherical salad bowl of diameter 40 cm is filled with salad to a depth of 15 cm. What
percent of the capacity of the bowl is filled with salad?
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 13
The surface area of a zone of a spherical cone having an
altitude of zone of 2 cm. is equal to 201.06 sq. cm.
Compute the volume of the spherical cone.

Answer: 1072.3
Problem 13. The surface area of a zone of a spherical cone having an altitude of zone of 2 cm. is equal to
201.06 sq. cm. Compute the volume of the spherical cone.
TORUS
Cross-section of Torus
generating axis

r
Volume of Torus, V
R
Where:
R = distance from axis to center
Lateral Area of Torus, A of generating circle
r = radius of generating circle
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 14
Find the radius “r” of Choco-Wacko Dunkin Donut if its
volume is 82 cm3 and the distance from the center of the
doughnut to the axis of rotation is 4cm.

Answer: 1 cm
Problem 14. Find the radius “r” of Choco-Wacko Dunkin Donut if its volume is 82 cm3 and the distance from
the center of the doughnut to the axis of rotation is 4cm.
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 15
A cylinder is circumscribed about a right prism having a
square base one meter on an edge. The volume of the
cylinder is 6.284 m^3. Compute its altitude.

Answer: 4
Problem. A cylinder is circumscribed about a right prism having a square base one meter on an edge. The
volume of the cylinder is 6.284 m^3. Compute its altitude.
SIMILAR SOLIDS

S H s h
r
R
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 16
If each side of a cube is doubled, by what percent
will its volume be increased?

A. 800% C. 700%
B. 400% D. 600%

Answer: 700%
Problem 16. If each side of a cube is doubled, by what percent will its volume be increased?
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 17
A paper weight is a pyramid with an altitude of 4 inches. At
what distance from its vertex must it be cut by a plane
parallel to its base so that two solids of equal weight can be
formed?

Answer: 3.17 in
Problem 17. A paper weight is a pyramid with an altitude of 4 inches. At what distance from its vertex must it
be cut by a plane parallel to its base so that two solids of equal weight can be formed?