Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 68 views

    Cell Division Mitosis Meiosis 1225581257073362 9

    Uploaded by

    Prabhu
    Cell division, also known as mitosis, is the process by which cells replicate themselves. It occurs in regular body cells to keep cells living and growing. There are four main phases of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cells undergo mitosis to maintain their size as they grow and prevent damage to DNA as cells get larger. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells that each have the same number and type of chromosomes as the original parent cell. Meiosis occurs in gamete cells and involves two cell divisions, resulting in four gamete cells each with half the number of chromosomes to ensure genetic diversity between offspring.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Cell Division Mitosis Meiosis 1225581257073362 9

    Uploaded by

    Prabhu
    68 views50 pages
    Cell division, also known as mitosis, is the process by which cells replicate themselves. It occurs in regular body cells to keep cells living and growing. There are four main phases of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cells undergo mitosis to maintain their size as they grow and prevent damage to DNA as cells get larger. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells that each have the same number and type of chromosomes as the original parent cell. Meiosis occurs in gamete cells and involves two cell divisions, resulting in four gamete cells each with half the number of chromosomes to ensure genetic diversity between offspring.

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Cell division, also known as mitosis, is the process by which cells replicate themselves. It occurs in regular body cells to keep cells living and growing. There are four main phases of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cells undergo mitosis to maintain their size as they grow and prevent damage to DNA as cells get larger. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells that each have the same number and type of chromosomes as the original parent cell. Meiosis occurs in gamete cells and involves two cell divisions, resulting in four gamete cells each with half the number of chromosomes to ensure genetic diversity between offspring.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    68 views50 pages

    Cell Division Mitosis Meiosis 1225581257073362 9

    Uploaded by

    Prabhu
    Cell division, also known as mitosis, is the process by which cells replicate themselves. It occurs in regular body cells to keep cells living and growing. There are four main phases of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cells undergo mitosis to maintain their size as they grow and prevent damage to DNA as cells get larger. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells that each have the same number and type of chromosomes as the original parent cell. Meiosis occurs in gamete cells and involves two cell divisions, resulting in four gamete cells each with half the number of chromosomes to ensure genetic diversity between offspring.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 50

    Cell Division

    Mitosis & Meiosis


    Cell Division
    What is it?
    Why do
    Cells do it?
    Why is it
    important to
    me?
    Cell Division
    Also known as
    Mitosis
    Takes place in
    Regular Body Cells
    Keeps Cells Living
    and Growing
    Phases of Mitosis
    Mitosis
    The Basic Phases
    of a Cell’s Life:
    •Interphase
    •Prophase
    •Metaphase
    •Anaphase
    •Telophase
    •Cytokinesis
    Interphase
    The longest stage
    of a Cell’s life
    The time spent
    between divisions
    Produces all
    materials required
    for growth
    Preparation for
    division
    Part of
    Interphase is
    also known as
    the G1 Phase
    of the Cell
    Cycle

    (Growth
    Phase)
    The Second
    part of
    Interphase is
    known as the
    S Phase of the
    Cell Cycle
    (Synthesis
    Phase – when
    DNA
    duplicates)
    The third part
    of the Cell
    Cycle, G2, is
    just a
    checkpoint to
    make sure the
    DNA is correct.
    Next step –

    Mitosis
    Mitosis:
    Cell Division

    The last part of


    the Cell Cycle
    is called
    Mitosis and
    has 4 phases
    during which
    the cell divides
    into 2 cells
    Prophase
    The Cell begins
    the division
    process

    1. The nucleolus
    disappears,
    2. The nuclear
    membrane
    breaks apart
    3. The chromosomes
    become visible

    4. The spindle
    apparatus forms
    and attaches to
    the centromeres
    of the
    chromosomes
    Metaphase
    The Second Phase
    of Mitosis

    1. The Nuclear
    Membrane is
    completely gone
    2. The duplicated
    chromosomes line
    up along the cell's
    equator.
    Anaphase

    The third phase of


    Mitosis

    Diploid sets of daughter


    chromosomes separate

    They are pushed and


    pulled toward opposite
    poles of the cell by the
    spindle fibers
    Spindle Fibers
    Telophase

    The nuclear
    membrane and
    nucleoli (nucleus)
    reform.

    Cytokinesis is
    nearly complete,
    The Cell Plate
    begins to form

    The Cell
    prepares for
    finial division
    Cytokinesis – The final stage of Mitosis
    The cytoplasm, organelles, and nuclear
    material are evenly split and two new
    cells are formed.

    Cell Plate
    The two new cells – each exactly like the
    other – are called Daughter Cells
    Quick Review:
    The following slides are drawings of the
    stages of Mitosis. On your notes, please
    draw each phase and label it.
    Interphase – The Cell spends the majority of
    its life here, growing and functioning. During
    the S Phase of the Cell Cycle, the DNA
    replicates, in anticipation of Mitosis
    In Early Prophase of Mitosis the Chromosomes
    get small, centrioles move to the poles of the
    nucleus, and spindle fibers develop
    Chromosomes
    consisting of 2
    Pair of Sister
    Centrioles Chromatids

    Spindle Fibers
    Late Prophase happens when the
    Nuclear Envelope disintegrates and
    spindle fibers begin to move
    Chromosomes toward the center of cell.

    Spindle Fibers

    Chromosomes
    During Metaphase the Chromosomes line
    up across center of the cell, also called the
    equator, or Metaphase plate.

    Spindle Fibers

    Equator, or Metaphase Plate

    Chromosomes
    In Anaphase the Chromatids that make up each
    Chromosome move apart and travel to opposite
    ends of cellular spindle

    Daughter Chromosomes

    Chromatid

    Chromosome
    In Telophase an envelope surrounds each set of
    Chromatids to form new Nucleus and the
    Cytoplasm starts to divide

    Cleavage Furrow
    Cytokinesis takes place when the Cytoplasm
    divides and two cells with identical genetic
    material are formed

    Daughter Cells
    Quick Review – Place Cells in Mitosis Order

    A B C

    D E
    Interphase Quick Review:
    Identify What
    happens in each
    Prophase
    phase of Mitosis:

    Metaphase

    Anaphase

    Telophase
    Why Do Cells Divide?

    The larger a cell


    becomes, the more
    demands the cell
    places on it's DNA.

    It also has more


    trouble moving
    enough food and
    wastes across its
    cell membrane.
    Food goes in

    The bigger
    the cell gets
    the harder it
    becomes to
    move food
    and waste
    across the
    membrane

    Waste goes out


    Protein Pumps
    This
    happens
    because the
    surface
    area and
    volume
    ratio does
    not stay the
    same as the
    cell size
    increases.
    The cell's ability
    to either get
    substances
    from the
    outside or
    eliminate waste
    from the inside
    is related to the
    surface area of
    the cell
    membrane.
    (outside)
    How much food
    and other
    material is
    required, and
    how much
    waste the cell
    produces and
    has to get rid of,
    is related to the
    volume of the
    cell. (inside)
    As a cell gets
    bigger there
    comes a time
    when its surface
    area is not large
    enough to meet
    the demands of
    the cell's volume
    and the cell stops
    growing.
    So, once cells
    reach a certain
    size they must
    divide in order to
    continue to
    function – or they
    will no longer be
    able to take in
    nutrients and
    eliminate waste.
    Why Is Cell Division Important?

    1. All Living Things are made of Cells


    2. The Cell is the basic unit of Structure and
    Function in Living Things.
    3. All Cells come from pre existing Cells
    You are a living
    organism, made of
    cells.

    In order to keep
    living, your cells
    must stay alive.

    In order for cells to


    keep living, they
    must divide and
    multiply
    Meiosis

    Why We Are Who We Are


    Meiosis
    Takes place in the Gametes of an organism
    People have a Chromosome count of 46
    When an egg joins a sperm the count must stay at
    46 to remain human
    So, the egg can only have 23 chromosomes, and the
    sperm can only have 23 chromosomes
    But, the integrity of the organism must be
    maintained.
    How does this happen?
    During Meiosis gamete (sex) cells undergo a
    “double division”, maintaining the DNA, but
    reducing the chromosomal count to 23

    + =

    Sperm (23) + Egg (23) = Fertilized Cell (46)


    Chromosome Chromosomes at
    after S Phase beginning of Mitosis
    After After
    Mitosis Meiosis
    Original Gamete Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

    2 Daughter Cells Metaphase 2 Anaphase 2 Telophase 2 Cytokinesis – 4 Gametes


    At the end of Meiosis
    the individual Gamete
    cell has divided from
    one cell to four.
    Males produce 4
    viable sperm.
    Females produce 1
    viable egg and 3 non
    functioning polar
    bodies.
    OOGENESIS

    SPERMATOGENESIS
    Meiosis
    ensures that
    all living
    organisms
    will maintain
    both Genetic
    Diversity and
    Genetic
    Integrity
    Catherine Patterson
    Santa Rita High School
    Tucson, Arizona
    2008

    You might also like