Mineral Cycle

AIAS
Mineral Cycle
22.Oct.20
By:
DR. KARUNENDRA
ASST. PROFESSOR
AMITY INSTITUTE OF APPLIED SCIENCES
AMITY UNIVERSITY, NOIDA CAMPUS, UTTAR-
PRADESH
Nutrients AIAS
Plants require only light, water, and essential nutrients to support all their
biochemical needs.
Plant cannot complete its life cycle without the element

No other element can perform the function of the element
Element is directly involved in plant nutrition
Nutrients are any chemicals that are needed for the proper functioning of organisms. Plants
absorb a wide range of inorganic nutrients from their environment, typically as simple
compounds.
For example, most plants obtain their carbon as gaseous carbon dioxide (CO 2) from the
atmosphere, their nitrogen as the ions (charged molecules) nitrate (NO3–) or ammonium
(NH4+), their phosphorus as phosphate (PO43–), and their calcium and magnesium as
simple ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+).
Hydrogen and oxygen are found in water and organic molecules, both of which
are essential to life. Carbon is found in all organic molecules, whereas nitrogen is an
important component of nucleic acids and proteins. Phosphorus is used to make nucleic
acids and the phospholipids that comprise biological membranes. Lastly, sulfur is critical
to the three-dimensional shape of proteins.
. CARBON CYCLE
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The carbon cycle is most easily studied as two interconnected sub cycles: one dealing
with rapid carbon exchange among living organisms and the other dealing with the long-
term cycling of carbon through geologic processes.
Carbon dioxide is the basic building block that autotrophs use to build high-energy
compounds like glucose. Most terrestrial autotrophs obtain their carbon dioxide directly
from the atmosphere, while marine autotrophs acquire it in the dissolved form
(bicarbonate, HCO3–).
Carbon is passed from producers to higher trophic levels through consumption. For
example, when primary consumer eats grass it obtains some of the organic molecules
originally made by the plant’s photosynthesis. These organic compounds can then be
passed to next higher trophic levels . During respiration organic molecules are broken
down to release energy. As process the organic molecules are broken down, carbon is
removed from food molecules to form CO2, which enters the atmosphere. The CO2 is then
consumed by producers during photosynthesis to again forms organic molecules.
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CARBON CYCLE AIAS
.
Nitrogen Cycle AIAS
Plants and phytoplankton are not equipped to incorporate nitrogen from the
atmosphere even though this molecule comprises approximately 78 percent of the
atmosphere.
Nitrogen enters the living world through free-living and symbiotic bacteria, which
incorporate nitrogen into their organic molecules through specialized biochemical
processes.
Certain species of bacteria can perform nitrogen fixation, the process of converting

nitrogen gas into ammonia (NH3), which spontaneously becomes ammonium
(NH4+).
Ammonium is converted by bacteria into nitrites (NO 2−) and then nitrates (NO3−).
At this point, the nitrogen-containing molecules are used by plants and other
producers to make organic molecules such as DNA and proteins. This nitrogen is
now available to consumers
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Nitrogen Cycle AIAS
.
WATER CYCLE AIAS
The water cycle is driven by the Sun’s energy as it warms the oceans and
other surface waters. This leads to evaporation (liquid water to water vapor)
of liquid surface water and sublimation (ice to water vapor) of frozen water,
thus moving large amounts of water into the atmosphere as water vapor.
This water vapor condenses into clouds as liquid or frozen droplets and
eventually leads to precipitation (rain, snow, hail), which returns water to
Earth’s surface.
Rain reaching Earth’s surface may evaporate again, flow over the surface, or
percolate into the ground. Most easily observed is surface runoff: the flow of
freshwater over land either from rain or melting ice. Runoff can make its way
through streams and lakes to the oceans.
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WATER CYCLE
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.
Phosphorus Cycle AIAS
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for living processes. It is a major component of

nucleic acids and phospholipids, and, as calcium phosphate, it makes up the
supportive components of our bones. Phosphorus occurs in nature as the phosphate ion
(PO43-).
Phosphate runoff as a result of human activity, natural surface runoff occurs when it
is leached from phosphate-containing rock by weathering, thus sending phosphates
into rivers, lakes, and the ocean. Phosphate-containing ocean sediments form
primarily from the bodies of ocean organisms and from their excretions. However,
volcanic ash, aerosols, and mineral dust may also be significant phosphate sources.
This sediment then is moved to land over geologic time by the uplifting of Earth’s
surface.
The movement of phosphate from the ocean to the land and through the soil is
extremely slow, with the average phosphate ion having an oceanic residence time
between 20,000 and 100,000 years.
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Audio-Video on Water Cycle
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QUESTIONS AIAS
Q.1 What is biogeochemical cycles. How its play an important role in ecosystem.
Q.2 What is phosphorous cycle. Explain it’s important components.
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REFERENCE AIAS
[1] Ecosystem; chapter.3; DK Asthana;Schand; Environmental studies;14-15.

[2] Water cycle explanation ;Hydrological cycle ; Let’s grow up ;You-tube channel.
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AIAS

Plant cannot complete its life cycle without the element

Certain species of bacteria can perform nitrogen fixation, the process of converting

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for living processes. It is a major component of

Q.2 What is phosphorous cycle. Explain it’s important components.

[1] Ecosystem; chapter.3; DK Asthana;Schand; Environmental studies;14-15.

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