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Introduction To Computer Networks1

The document provides an introduction to computer networks. It defines a computer network as a collection of interconnected computers that are capable of sharing and exchanging information. It then discusses the application of computer networks for sharing data, accessing remote databases, communication, and time savings. The document also describes different types of computer networks including LAN, MAN, WAN, and PAN. It explains common network devices like modems, hubs, switches and their functions. Finally, it discusses various network topologies such as bus, star, tree and mesh.

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62 views

Introduction To Computer Networks1

The document provides an introduction to computer networks. It defines a computer network as a collection of interconnected computers that are capable of sharing and exchanging information. It then discusses the application of computer networks for sharing data, accessing remote databases, communication, and time savings. The document also describes different types of computer networks including LAN, MAN, WAN, and PAN. It explains common network devices like modems, hubs, switches and their functions. Finally, it discusses various network topologies such as bus, star, tree and mesh.

Uploaded by

Hwnm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Computer Networks
The collection of interconnected computers is called a computer network. Two
computers are said to be interconnected if they are capable of sharing and exchanging
information.
Application of Computer Networks

Sharing of data, services and resources


Access to remote database
Communication facilities
Time saving
Types of Computer Networks

LAN (Local Area Network)


 A Local Area Network (LAN) is a
network that is limited to a relatively
small area. It is generally limited to a
geographic area such as a school
building, office or a university campus. It
is generally privately owned networks
over a distance not more than 5 Km. e.g.
network in a college, school, hospital etc.
MAN (Metropolitan Area
Network)
 MAN is the networks that cover a group
of nearby corporate offices or a city and
might be either private or public. E.g.
Cable TV Network in a city.
WAN (Wide Area Network)
 These are the networks spread over large
distances, say across countries or even
continents through cabling or satellite
uplinks are called WAN. E.g. Internet
PAN (Personal Area Network)
 A PAN is a network of communicating
devices (Computer, Phone, MP3/MP4
Player, Camera etc.) organized around an
individual person. A PAN can be set up
using guided media (USB cable) or
unguided media (Bluetooth, Infrared).
Network Devices

Modem Hub
 A modem (modulator/demodulator) is a  A Hub is an electronic device that
hardware device that allows a computer connects several computers together to
to send and receive information over form a network and redirects the received
telephone lines. When sending a signal, information to all the connected nodes in
the modem converts (modulates) digital broadcast mode. The computer(s) for
data to an analog signal and transmit it which the information is intended
over a telephone line. Similarly when an receive(s) this information and accept(s)
analog signal is received, the modem it. Other computers on the network
converts it back (demodulates) to a digital simply
signal.
Working of Hub
 Computer A wants to send a message to
computer B .It send the message
through the Ethernet cable to the hub,
then the hub repeats the message to all
of the connected computers.
Switch
 A switch is a network device which is
used to interconnect computers or devices
on a network. It filters and forwards data
packets across a network. The main
difference between hub and switch is that
hub replicates what it receives on one
port onto all the other ports while switch
keeps a record of the MAC addresses of
the devices attached to it and forwards
How a switch works
data packets onto the ports for which it is
addressed across a network, that’s why Computer A sends a message to computer B the other
switch is intelligent Hub. computers do not see the message. Those computers can
send other messages at the same time without interfering.

A 4-Port Switch
Network Topologies
Topology means the way by which a network is formed.

1. Bus Topology Advantage


 Bus topology is a topology for a Local  It is easy to install.
Area  It requires less cable length and hence it is
 Network (LAN) in which all the nodes cost effective.
are connected to a single cable.  Failure of a node does not affect the
network.
 The starting and ending point of cable is
called terminator.
DISADVANTAGES
 In case of cable or terminator fault, the entire network breaks down.
 Not suitable for large number of computers.
 At a time only one node can transmit data.
STAR Topology
A STAR topology is based on a central node which acts as a hub. In star
topology each node is directly connected to a Hub/Switch.
Disadvantage
Advantage
• Difficult to expand.
 Easy to troubleshoot
• Longer cable is
 A single node failure required.
does not affect the entire • The cost of the hub and
network.
the longer cables make
 Fault detection and
it expensive than
removal of faulty parts
is easier. others.
 In case a workstation • In case hub fails, the
fails, the network is not
entire network stop
affected.
working.
TREE Topology
Tree topology is a combination of bus and star topologies. It is used to
combine multiple star topology networks. All the stars are connected
together like
Features a bus.
of Tree Topology
 Ideal if workstations are located in groups.
 Used in Wide Area Network.

Advantage
 Extension of bus and Disadvantage
star topologies.  Heavily cabled.
 Expansion of nodes is  Costly.
 If more nodes are added
possible and easy.
maintenance is difficult.
 Easily managed and  Central hub fails,
maintained. network fails.
 Error detection is easily
done
Mesh Topology
Mesh topology is a group of nodes which are all connected to each other
and many types of connections are possible in a mesh topology.
Advantage
Disadvantage
 The arrangement
 Installation and
of the network configuration is
nodes is such that difficult.
it is possible to  Cabling cost is
transmit data more.
from one node to  Bulk wiring is
many other nodes required.
at the same time.
 Fault is
diagnosed easily.

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