Introduction to Programming Languages
Lecturer name: Puan Rosmah Ismail
Email : [email protected]
Office: Staff Room, SEGi ACE
Consultation Hour: Wednesday, 2-5pm
(By appointment)
Module Assessment
COURSE EVALUATION
Component 1: Online Test (10%)
Component 2: Lab exercises (10%)
70%
Component 3: Quiz (15%)
Component 4: Assignment (15%)
Component 5: Mid-term exam (20%)
Component 6: Final exam (30%)
To pass
must attempt both elements
must achieve at least 80% of attendance.
Pass mark is 50%
Intro. to Programming Languages
Books: ( reference)
Joyce Farrell, Java Programming Eighth
Edition, 2016, Cencage Learning
Malik D.S., JAVA Programming:
From Problem Analysis to Program
Design, 5th Edition, Course
Technology, 2012.
Intro. to Programming Languages
Books: (Additional reference)
Intro. to Programming Languages
Additional references:
Java How to Program, Eight Edition, Paul Deitel, Harvey
Deitel, Pearson.
Intro. to Programming Languages
Class rules
Attend class on time
No talking or surfing during lectures
Treat your assignments seriously, no second
chance to re-do your assignments
Submit your assignments on time
No eating in class
Ensure good housekeeping of the class before
you leave
Intro. to Programming Languages
Class rules
Plagiarism is a serious offence
Rule 1: You must indicate on your submission any assistance you
received.
Rule 2: You must not share solution sets or actual program code
with other students.
Rule 3: You must not look at solution sets or program code from
other years.
Rule 4: You must be prepared to explain any solution sets or
program code you submit.
Cheating during exam or assignments is a
serious offence
Software to be used in the course
Netbeans IDE 8.0 or above
Module Synopsis
Introductory course to Java programming with
an emphasis on the program design,
development and application implementation.
Provides the students with the appropriate
foundation to the development of programming
skills to a level of competence sufficient to
allow them to contribute major programming
projects or for further study.
Module Learning Outcomes
The student will be able :
Prepare algorithmic solutions to moderately complex
programming problems.
Use programming tools to implement solutions.
Explain code conventions, language idioms and
professional programming practice.
Demonstrate the intelligent use of some of the more
commonly used standard library functions to reduce
programming effort.
Demonstrate an understanding of the modular
programming process.
Demonstrate an understanding of fundamental object-
orientated solutions
Intro. to Programming Languages
Topics:
Basic concepts programming
The language of computers
Processing a Java program
Programming with the Problem Analysis-Coding-
Execution cycles
Programming Methodologies
Basic Elements of Java
Basic of a Java Program
Data Types
Arithmetic Operators and Operator Precedence
Input and Output
Intro. to Programming Languages
Topics:
Introduction to Objects and Classes
Objects
Using Predefined Classes and Methods
Methods
Control Structures I: Selection
Relational Operators
Logical Operators and Logical Expressions
Selection: if and if…else
Switch Structures
Comparing Strings
Intro. to Programming Languages
Topics:
Control Structures II: Repetition
Why is Repetition needed?
while Looping Structure
for Looping Structure
do…while Looping Structure
Break and continue Statements
Arrays
Why Do We Need Arrays?
Using Arrays
Arrays of Objects
Two-Dimensional Arrays
Revision
Given length 5 cm and width 6 cm, calculate and
display the area of a rectangle.
1. Design the algorithm using :
Flowchart
Pseudocode
2. Based on the algorithm above, write a Java program
Revision
1. Design an algorithm and write a program to
read two integers and display the total of the
integers.
Revision
Write a pseudocode for the following problem:
1.Display “Hello” for 3 times.
Computer Programming
Programming can be defined as the
development of a solution to an identified
problem, and the setting up of a related series
of instructions which will produce the desired
results.
Creating Your First Java Classes
Objectives
Learn about programming
Be introduced to object-oriented programming concepts
Learn about Java
Analyze a Java application that uses console output
Add comments to a Java class
Save, compile, run, and modify a Java application
Create a Java application using GUI output
Correct errors and find help
Learning About Programming
Program
Set of written instructions that tells computer what to do
Machine language
Most basic circuitry-level language
Low-level programming language
High-level programming language
Allows you to use vocabulary of reasonable terms
Syntax
Rules of language
Program statements
Similar to English sentences
Carry out tasks of program
Learning About Programming
(cont'd)
Compiler or interpreter
Translates language statements into machine code
Syntax error
Misuse of language
Misspelled programming language word
Debugging
Freeing program of all errors
Logic errors
Also called semantic errors
Incorrect order or procedure
Learning About Java
Java
Developed by Sun Microsystems
Object-oriented language
General-purpose
Advantages
Security features
Architecturally neutral
Can be run on wide variety of computers
Does not execute instructions on computer directly
Runs on hypothetical computer known as Java virtual
machine (JVM)
Learning About Java (cont‘d)
Source code
Programming statements
written in high-level
programming language
Bytecode
Statements saved in file
Java compiler converts
source code into binary
program
Java interpreter
Checks bytecode and
communicates with operating
system
Executes bytecode
instructions line by line
within Java virtual machine
23 Last Updated:February 7, 2021
Compilation Process
Graphic courtesy of Eric Roberts with some changes
Java Program Types
Applets
Programs embedded in Web page
Java applications
Called Java stand-alone programs
Console applications
Support character output
Windowed applications
Menus
Toolbars
Dialog boxes
Analyzing a Java Application That Uses Console
Output
Even simplest Java application
Involves fair amount of confusing syntax
Print “First Java application” on screen
Understanding the Statement That Prints the
Output
Literal string
Will appear in output exactly as entered
Written between double quotation marks
Arguments
Pieces of information passed to method
Method
Requires information to perform its task
Understanding the First Class
Everything used within Java program must be
part of a class
Define Java class using any name or identifier
Requirements for identifiers
Must begin with:
Letter of English alphabet
Or non-English letter (such as α or π)
Cannot begin with digit
Understanding the First Class
(cont'd)
Requirements for identifiers
Can only contain:
Letters
Digits
Underscores
Dollar signs
Cannot be Java reserved keyword
Cannot be true, false, or null
Access modifier
Defines how class can be accessed
Understanding the First Class
(cont'd)
Understanding the First Class
(cont'd)
Understanding the First Class
(cont'd)
Understanding the main() Method
static
Reserved keyword
Means method accessible and usable
Even though no objects of class exist
void
Use in main() method header
Does not indicate main() method empty
Indicates main() method does not return value when
called
Doesn’t mean main() doesn’t produce output
Shell Code
public class AnyClassName
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
/********/
}
}
•shellcode
•replace AnyClassName with a class name you choose
•replace the line /********/ with any statement you want to
execute
Adding Comments to a Java Class
Program comments
Nonexecuting statements added to program for
documentation
Use to leave notes for yourself or others
Include author, date, class’s name or function
Comment out a statement
Turn it into a comment
Compiler does not translate and the JVM does not
execute its command
Adding Comments to a Java Class
(cont'd)
Types of Java comments
Line comments
Start with two forward slashes (//)
continue to end of current line
Do not require ending symbol
Block comments
Start with forward slash and asterisk (/*)
End with asterisk and forward slash (*/)
Adding Comments to a Java Class
(cont'd)
Types of Java comments (cont'd)
Special case of block comments
Begin with slash and two asterisks (/**)
End with asterisk and forward slash (*/)
Use to generate documentation
Saving, Compiling, and Running
and Modifying a Java Application
Saving a Java class
Save class in file with exactly same name and.java
extension
For public classes
Class name and filename must match exactly
Compiling a Java class
Compile source code into bytecode
Translate bytecode into executable statements
Using Java interpreter
Type javac First.java
Saving, Compiling, and Running
and Modifying a Java Application (cont‘d)
Compilation outcomes
javac unrecognized command
Program language error messages
No messages indicating successful completion
Reasons for error messages
Misspelled command javac
Misspelled filename
Not within correct subfolder or subdirectory on command
line
Java not installed properly
Running a Java Application
Run application from command line
Type java First
Shows application’s output in command window
Class stored in folder named Java on C drive
Modifying a Java Class
Modify text file that contains existing class
Save file with changes
Using same filename
Compile class with javac command
Interpret class bytecode and execute class using
java command
Creating a Java Application Using GUI Output
JOptionPane
Produce dialog boxes
Dialog box
GUI object resembling window
Messages placed for display
Package
Group of classes
import statement
Use to access built-in Java class
Creating a Java Application Using GUI Output
(cont’d)
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
public class FirstDialog
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "First Java dialog");
}
}
Correcting Errors and Finding Help
First line of error message displays:
Name of file where error found
Line number
Nature of error
Next lines identify:
Symbol
Location
Compile-time error
Compiler detects violation of language rules
Refuses to translate class to machine code
Correcting Errors and Finding Help
(cont'd)
Parsing
Process compiler uses to divide source code into
meaningful portions
Logic error
Syntax correct but produces incorrect results when
executed
Usually more difficult to find and resolve
Java API
Also called the Java class library
Prewritten Java classes
You Do It
Your first application
Adding comments to a class
Modifying a class
Creating a dialog box
Don’t Do It
File’s name must match name of class
Don’t confuse names parentheses, braces, brackets, curly
braces, square brackets, and angle brackets
Don’t forget to end a block comment
Don’t forget that Java is case sensitive
End every statement with semicolon
Do not end class or method headers with semicolon
Recompile when making changes
Summary
Computer program
Set of instructions that tells a computer what to do
Java virtual machine (JVM)
Standardized hypothetical computer
Everything in a Java program must be part of a class
Access modifier
Word that defines circumstances under which class can be
accessed
Summary (cont‘d)
All Java applications must have method named main()
Program comments
Nonexecuting statements
Add to file for documentation
javac
Compile command
java
Execute command
JOptionPane
GUI
Provides methods for creating dialogs
