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William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 9 Edition

The document discusses computer architecture and organization. It defines computer architecture as the attributes of a system visible to the programmer, including instruction set and data representation. Computer organization refers to the operational units and their interconnections that implement the architectural specifications. The document then provides examples of the IBM System/370 architecture and the hierarchical structure and functions of a basic computer system.

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Divesha Ravi
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159 views13 pages

William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 9 Edition

The document discusses computer architecture and organization. It defines computer architecture as the attributes of a system visible to the programmer, including instruction set and data representation. Computer organization refers to the operational units and their interconnections that implement the architectural specifications. The document then provides examples of the IBM System/370 architecture and the hierarchical structure and functions of a basic computer system.

Uploaded by

Divesha Ravi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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+

William Stallings
Computer Organization
and Architecture
9th Edition
+ Chapter 1
Introduction
Computer Architecture
Computer Organization
• Attributes of a system visible to the • Instruction set, number of
programmer bits used to represent
• Have a direct impact on the logical various data types, I/O
execution of a program mechanisms, techniques for
addressing memory

Architectural
Computer
attributes
Architecture
include:

Organizational
Computer
attributes
Organization
include:

• Hardware details transparent to the • The operational units and


programmer, control signals, interfaces their interconnections that
between the computer and peripherals, realize the architectural
memory technology used specifications
+
IBM System
370 Architecture
 IBM System/370 architecture
 Was introduced in 1970
 Included a number of models
 Could upgrade to a more expensive, faster model without having to abandon
original software
 New models are introduced with improved technology, but retain the same
architecture so that the customer’s software investment is protected
 Architecture has survived to this day as the architecture of IBM’s mainframe
product line
+
Structure and Function

 Hierarchical system
 Structure
 Set of interrelated subsystems
 The way in which components
 Hierarchical nature of complex relate to each other
systems is essential to both their
 Function
design and their description
 The operation of individual
 Designer need only deal with a components as part of the
particular level of the system at a structure
time
 Concerned with structure and
function at each level
+
Function

 A computer can perform four


basic functions:

● Data processing
● Data storage
● Data movement
● Control
+
Operations

(a)
Data movement
+
Operations

(b)
Data storage
+

Operations

(c)
Data movement
+

Operations

(d)
Control
The
Computer
Structure
+  Control Unit
CPU  Controls the operation of the CPU and
hence the computer
Major structural
 Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
components:  Performs the computer’s data processing
function

 Registers
 Provide storage internal to the CPU

 CPU Interconnection
 Some mechanism that provides for
communication among the control unit,
ALU, and registers

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