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    Name: Iniovorua Ajokperoghene: - GROUP: IM-450 - Date: 7 NOVEMBER, 2020. - Theme: Dracunculiasis

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    Valentina Iniovorua
    Dracunculiasis, or Guinea-worm disease, is caused by the Dracunculiasis medinensis parasite. People become infected by drinking water containing infected water fleas. The disease was once widespread but has been reduced over 99.99% through prevention efforts like filtering drinking water. Symptoms include blistering skin lesions through which the long female worm emerges, causing intense burning pain. Diagnosis involves finding the worm or larvae in skin ulcers. Treatment involves slowly removing the worm over weeks to avoid complications.

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    Name: Iniovorua Ajokperoghene: - GROUP: IM-450 - Date: 7 NOVEMBER, 2020. - Theme: Dracunculiasis

    Uploaded by

    Valentina Iniovorua
    198 views10 pages
    Dracunculiasis, or Guinea-worm disease, is caused by the Dracunculiasis medinensis parasite. People become infected by drinking water containing infected water fleas. The disease was once widespread but has been reduced over 99.99% through prevention efforts like filtering drinking water. Symptoms include blistering skin lesions through which the long female worm emerges, causing intense burning pain. Diagnosis involves finding the worm or larvae in skin ulcers. Treatment involves slowly removing the worm over weeks to avoid complications.

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    DRACUNCULIASIS

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    Dracunculiasis, or Guinea-worm disease, is caused by the Dracunculiasis medinensis parasite. People become infected by drinking water containing infected water fleas. The disease was once widespread but has been reduced over 99.99% through prevention efforts like filtering drinking water. Symptoms include blistering skin lesions through which the long female worm emerges, causing intense burning pain. Diagnosis involves finding the worm or larvae in skin ulcers. Treatment involves slowly removing the worm over weeks to avoid complications.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    198 views10 pages

    Name: Iniovorua Ajokperoghene: - GROUP: IM-450 - Date: 7 NOVEMBER, 2020. - Theme: Dracunculiasis

    Uploaded by

    Valentina Iniovorua
    Dracunculiasis, or Guinea-worm disease, is caused by the Dracunculiasis medinensis parasite. People become infected by drinking water containing infected water fleas. The disease was once widespread but has been reduced over 99.99% through prevention efforts like filtering drinking water. Symptoms include blistering skin lesions through which the long female worm emerges, causing intense burning pain. Diagnosis involves finding the worm or larvae in skin ulcers. Treatment involves slowly removing the worm over weeks to avoid complications.

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    NAME : INIOVORUA AJOKPEROGHENE

    • GROUP : IM-450
    • DATE : 7TH NOVEMBER, 2020.
    • THEME : DRACUNCULIASIS.
    DRACUNCULIASIS
    • OVERVIEW ;
    • Definition
    • Etiology
    • Epidemiology
    • Pathogenesis
    • Signs and symptoms
    • Diagnosis
    • Treatment
    • Prevention
    DEFINITION
    • Dracunculiasis, also called Guinea-worm disease (GWD), is a parasitic
    infection by the Guinea worm. A person becomes infected when they
    drink water that contains water fleas infected with guinea worm
    larvae.
    ETIOLOGY
    • Dracunculiasis is an infection caused by the parasite Dracunculiasis
    medinensis. The worm is about one to two millimeters wide, and an
    adult female is 60 to 100 centimeters long (males are much shorter at
    12-29 mm or 0.47 – 1.14 inches).
    • Outside humans, the young form can survive up to three weeks ,
    during which they must be eaten by water fleas to continue to
    develop. The larva inside water fleas may survive up to four months.
    EPIDEMIOLOGY
    • By 1986, there were an estimated 3.5 million cases of Guinea worm in
    20 endemic nations in Asia and Africa, with a relatively small number of
    cases reported occasionally in central and South America, although
    these were short-lived local transmissions that had originated in Africa.
    In December 1996, Cuba was certified free of the disease. By 1997 and
    1998 further countries in the Americas were similarly certified,
    including Barbados, Brazil, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Trinidad
    and Tobago, Grenada, Jamaica and Mexico.
    • Worldwide, in 2017 the number of cases had been reduced by more
    than 99.999% to 30 occurrences in four remaining countries in Africa:
    South Sudan, Chad, Mali and Ethiopia.
    PATHOGENESIS
    • Despite their eventual enormous size, infections by guinea-worms usually do not produce any clinical signs
    until the mature female worms migrate to the skin and provoke the formation of a papule then a blister.
    • Migration may sometimes produce vague allergic reactions, including nausea, dizziness, diarrhoea, rash
    and local oedema. Infections generally produce two types of lesions: subcutaneous or deep abscesses
    around dead worms (involving many inflammatory cell types) that tend to calcify; or cutaneous papules
    which rapidly become blisters through which females release live larvae.
    • Skin lesions may involve local erythema, urticaria, inflammation, ulceration and intense burning pain (fiery
    serpent of biblical times). Patients seek to relieve symptoms by immersing the affected region in cool
    water. Lesions are initiated by the deposition of larvae in the tissues and the induction of hypersensitivity
    reactions which ultimately produce blisters through which larvae, and parts of the adult worm, emerge (a
    unique means for tissue-dwelling parasites to seek egress from their hosts). In uncomplicated cases,
    lesions may only last for several weeks until the worm is completely expelled. However, many cases involve
    secondary bacterial infection of the worm track with persistence of the lesion, chronic ulceration and
    possible sequelae, involving disseminated infections, phlegma of limbs, contractures of tendons, fibrous
    ankylosis or arthritis in the joints, or even tetanus.
    SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
    • Burning sensation ( fiery serpent )
    • Pain in joints
    • Blisters
    • Fever
    • Nausea
    • Localized edema
    • Eosinophilia
    • Diarrhea
    DIAGNOSIS
    The only way to diagnose the disease is to locate an adult worm in the
    lesion, or larvae from the adult female worm in the ulcer.

    Examination of ulcer where the female worm has penetrated the skin.
    TREATMENT
    • The traditional means of curing infections involves the slow extraction
    of worms by winding them onto a stick a few centimetres a day for
    several weeks. Excessive force should not be used to avoid breaking
    the worm and complicating lesions and reactions. Surgical removal
    may be successful when worms are restricted to superficial sites, but
    can be difficult when worms are threaded through tendons or deep
    fascia. Chemotherapy with conventional anthelmintics has not proven
    effective, but various compounds, such as albendazole, mebendazole,
    niridazole, thiabendazole and metronidazole, appear to act as anti-
    inflammatory agents, thus allowing worms to be extracted more
    easily.
    PREVENTION
    • Drink water drawn only from sources free from contamination.
    • Filter all drinking water, using a fine-mesh cloth filter, to remove the
    guinea worm-containing crustaceans. Regular cotton cloth folded over a
    few times is an effective filter. A portable plastic drinking straw containing
    a nylon filter has proven popular.
    • Filter the water through ceramic or sand filters.
    • Boil the water.
    • Develop new sources of drinking water without the parasites, or repair
    dysfunctional water sources.
    • Treat water sources with larvicides to kill the water fleas.

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