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Unit 1 - Properites

The document discusses various thermal properties of materials including heat capacity, specific heat, thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity. It provides quantitative definitions and comparisons of these properties across common materials like polymers, ceramics and metals.

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Palak Naik
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83 views18 pages

Unit 1 - Properites

The document discusses various thermal properties of materials including heat capacity, specific heat, thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity. It provides quantitative definitions and comparisons of these properties across common materials like polymers, ceramics and metals.

Uploaded by

Palak Naik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thermal Properties

Heat Capacity
The ability of a material to absorb heat
• Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in
temperature for one mole of a material.
energy input (J/mol)
heat capacity dQ
(J/mol-K) C
dT temperature change (K)

• Two ways to measure heat capacity:


Cp : Heat capacity at constant pressure.
Cv : Heat capacity at constant volume.
Cp usually > Cv
J  Btu 
• Heat capacity has units of  
mol  K  lb  mol  F 
Specific Heat: Comparison
Material cp (J/kg-K)
• Polymers at room T
Polypropylene 1925 cp (specific heat): (J/kg-K)
Polyethylene 1850 Cp (heat capacity): (J/mol-K)
Polystyrene 1170
increasing cp Teflon 1050

• Ceramics
Magnesia (MgO) 940
Alumina (Al2O3) 775
Glass 840
• Metals
Aluminum 900
Steel 486 Selected values from Table 19.1,
Tungsten 138 Callister & Rethwisch 8e.

Gold 128
Thermal Expansion
Materials change size when temperature
is changed
Tinitial
 initial
Tfinal > Tinitial
Tfinal
 final

l final  l initial
  l (Tfinal Tinitial )
 l initial
linear coefficient of
thermal expansion (1/K or 1/ºC)

 12
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:
Comparison
Material a (10-6/C)
• Polymers at room T
Polypropylene 145-180
Polyethylene 106-198
Polystyrene 90-150
Teflon 126-216
• Metals
increasing 

Aluminum 23.6
Steel 12
Tungsten 4.5
Gold 14.2
• Ceramics
Magnesia (MgO) 13.5 Selected values from Table 19.1,
Alumina (Al2O3) 7.6 Callister & Rethwisch 8e.

Soda-lime glass 9
Silica (cryst. SiO2) 0.4
13
Thermal Conductivity
The ability of a material to transport heat.
Fourier’s Law
temperature
dT
q  k gradient
heat flux dx
(J/m2-s) thermal conductivity (J/m-K-s)

T1 T2
T2 > T1
x1 heat flux x2

Atomic vibrations and free electrons in


• Atomic perspective:
hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions.

14
Thermal Conductivity: Comparison
Energy Transfer
Material k (W/m-K) Mechanism
• Metals
Aluminum 247 atomic vibrations
Steel 52 and motion of free
Tungsten 178
electrons
Gold 315
• Ceramics
Magnesia (MgO) 38
increasing k

Alumina (Al2O3) 39 atomic vibrations


Soda-lime glass 1.7
Silica (cryst. SiO2) 1.4
• Polymers
Polypropylene 0.12
Polyethylene 0.46-0.50 vibration/rotation of
Polystyrene 0.13 chain molecules
Teflon 0.25
Selected values from Table 19.1, Callister & Rethwisch 8e. 15

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