Conditional Statements - Selection statements

If and switch are considered selection statements

These statements assist in determining the logical path code would take
depending on certain conditions.
The If Satetment
An if statement allows you to take different paths of logic, depending on a
given condition.
If the Boolean expression evaluates to true, the statement embedded in the
if clause will be executed.
If the Boolean expression evaluates to false, the statement embedded in the
else clause will be executed.
To build complex expressions, C# offers an expected set of conditional
operators, as shown in Table

// Single Decision and Action with braces

        if (myInt > 0)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Your number {0} is greater than zero.", myInt);
        }
// Either/Or Decision
        if (myInt != 0)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Your number {0} is not equal to zero.", myInt);
        }
        else
       {
            Console.WriteLine("Your number {0} is equal to zero.", myInt);
        }
// Multiple Case Decision
        if (myInt < 0 || myInt == 0)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Your number {0} is less than or equal to zero.", myInt);
        }
        else if (myInt > 0 && myInt <= 10)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Your number {0} is in the range from 1 to 10.", myInt);
        }
        else if (myInt > 10 && myInt <= 20)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Your number {0} is in the range from 11 to 20.", myInt);
        }
        else if (myInt > 20 && myInt <= 30)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Your number {0} is in the range from 21 to 30.", myInt);
        }
        else
       {
            Console.WriteLine("Your number {0} is greater than 30.", myInt);
        }
 The switch statement
This statement evaluates an expression and compares the expression's value
to a number of cases.
Each case is associated with a statement list that is called a switch section.
The expression used as the driver for the switch statement is displayed in
parentheses that follow the switch keyword.
In general, the expression used in the switch statement must evaluate to one
of the following types: sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, char,
string.
Switch sections start with the keyword case, which is followed by a constant
expression.
A colon follows the constant expression, and the statement list follows the
colon.
The break specifies the end of the statement block.
The default keyword in the switch blocks is utilized to execute a particular
section of the code whenever none of the cases listed match the value switch
block's constant value.
// switch with integer type
        switch (myInt)
        {
            case 1:
                Console.WriteLine("Your number is {0}.", myInt);
                break;
            case 2:
                Console.WriteLine("Your number is {0}.", myInt);
                break;
            case 3:
                Console.WriteLine("Your number is {0}.", myInt);
                break;
            default:
                Console.WriteLine("Your number {0} is not between 1 and 3.", myInt);
                break;
        }
// switch with string type
        switch (myInput)
        {
            case "continue":
                goto begin;
            case "quit":
                Console.WriteLine("Bye.");
                break;
            default:
                Console.WriteLine("Your input {0} is incorrect.", myInput);
                goto decide;
        }
 Branching Statements
Break Statement
Leaves the switch block.
The break statement will cause the program to exit the switch statement and
begin execution with the next statement after the switch block .

//switch (myInt)
        {
            case 1:
                Console.WriteLine("Your number is {0}.", myInt);
                break;
            case 2:
                Console.WriteLine("Your number is {0}.", myInt);
                break;
            case 3:
                Console.WriteLine("Your number is {0}.", myInt);
                break;
            default:
                Console.WriteLine("Your number {0} is not between 1 and 3.", myInt);
                break;
        }
 Goto Statement
Leaves the switch block and jumps directly to a label of the form
"<labelname>:“
The goto statement causes program execution to jump to the
label following the goto keyword
//switch (myInput)
        {
            case "continue":
                goto begin;
            case "quit":
                Console.WriteLine("Bye.");
                break;
            default:
                Console.WriteLine("Your input {0} is incorrect.", myInput);
                goto decide;
        }
 Continue Statements
Leaves the switch block, skips remaining logic in enclosing loop,
and goes back to loop condition to determine if loop should be
executed again from the beginning.
//for loop
for (int i=0; i < 20; i++)
        {
            if (i == 10)
                break;

            if (i % 2 == 0)
                continue;

            Console.WriteLine("{0} ", i);

        }
Return
Throw
 Iteration statements
While, do, for, and foreach are considered iteration statements.
These statements assist in executing embedded statements multiple times.
A while loop will check a condition and then continues to execute a block of code
as long as the condition evaluates to a Boolean value of true.
When the Boolean expression evaluates to true, the statements will execute.
Once the statements have executed, control returns to the beginning of the while
loop to check the Boolean expression again.
When the Boolean expression evaluates to false, the while loop statements are
skipped and execution begins after the closing brace of that block of code.

//While Loop

        while (myInt < 10)

        {
            Console.Write("{0} ", myInt);
            myInt++;
        }
        Console.WriteLine();
    }
 The do Loop
A do loop is similar to the while loop, except that it checks its
condition at the end of the loop.
This means that the do loop is guaranteed to execute at least
one time.

//do/while loop
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string userIsDone = "";
do
{
Console.WriteLine("In do/while loop");
Console.Write("Are you done? [yes] [no]: ");
userIsDone = Console.ReadLine();
}while(userIsDone.ToLower() != "yes"); // Note the semicolon!
}
 The for Loop
A for loop works like a while loop, except that the syntax of the for loop
includes initialization and condition modification.
for loops are appropriate when you know exactly how many times you want to
perform the statements within the loop.
The contents within the for loop parentheses hold three sections separated by
semicolons.
Syntax:
(<initializer list>; <boolean expression>; <iterator list>) { <statements> }
//For loop
        for (int i=0; i < 20; i++)
        {
            if (i == 10)
                break;

            if (i % 2 == 0)
                continue;

            Console.Write("{0} ", i);

        }
        Console.WriteLine();
    }
 The foreach Loop
A foreach loop is used to iterate through the items in a list.
It operates on arrays or collections such as Array List, which can be found in the
System.Collections namespace.
The syntax of a foreach loop is
foreach (<type> <iteration variable> in <list>)
{ <statements> }
The type is the type of item contained in the list. For example, if the type of the list was
int[] then the type would be int.
The iteration variable is an identifier that you choose, which could be anything but should
be meaningful. For example, if the list contained an array of people's ages, then a
meaningful name for item name would be age.
//foreach loop
public static void Main()
    {
        string[] names = {"Cheryl", "Joe", "Matt", "Robert"};

        foreach (string person in names)

        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ", person);
        }