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Solid Mensuration: Mr. Mark Jave C. Gualberto, RME Lecturer I

This document summarizes concepts in solid mensuration including polygons, triangles, the Pythagorean theorem, quadrilaterals, and circles. It defines key terms like polygons, triangles classified by sides and angles, inscribed angles, and perpendicular bisectors. It presents formulas for calculating perimeters and areas of triangles, trapezoids, parallelograms, rectangles, squares, regular polygons, circles, and circle sectors/segments. Examples are given for calculating areas of blocks and circles cut from squares.

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Azha Clarice Villanueva
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126 views21 pages

Solid Mensuration: Mr. Mark Jave C. Gualberto, RME Lecturer I

This document summarizes concepts in solid mensuration including polygons, triangles, the Pythagorean theorem, quadrilaterals, and circles. It defines key terms like polygons, triangles classified by sides and angles, inscribed angles, and perpendicular bisectors. It presents formulas for calculating perimeters and areas of triangles, trapezoids, parallelograms, rectangles, squares, regular polygons, circles, and circle sectors/segments. Examples are given for calculating areas of blocks and circles cut from squares.

Uploaded by

Azha Clarice Villanueva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solid Mensuration

Mr. Mark Jave C. Gualberto, RME


Lecturer I
Mensuration of Plane Figures
 Polygons
 Kind of Triangles according to sides
 Kinds of Triangles according to Angles
 Pythagorean Theorem
 Measurement of Triangles
 Quadrilaterals
 Circle
Polygons
Definition

A broken line is a succession of straight line segment which do not lie on a straight line, such as shown
below angle and less than two straight.

a plane figure is closed or open according as the line or broken line forming it has confident endpoint or
not.
Polygons
Definition

A polygon is a broken line. A broken line is a succession of straight line segments which do not lie on a
straight line. This segments are called sides of a polygon. Any side of a polygon may be called base .two
parallel sides may be called bases, one upper base and the other lower base .a vertex opposite a base is
called vertex of the polygon. A line segment from a vertex perpendicular to the corresponding base is
called altitude of the polygon. A line segment joining two non-consecutive vertices of the polygon is called
diagonal.

The unit of surface is a square whose side is a unit of length. The area of a surface is the number of unit of
surface it contains.

Two polygons are similar if their corresponding angels are equal and their corresponding sides proportial.
Triangles
Definition

 Triangles

A triangles is a polygon of three sides. A triangle has 6 principal parts: 3 sides and 3 interior angles.
The vertices of the angles the vertices of the triangle.

A triangle whose vertices are points A,B and C is designated as with angel A,B and C and the sides
opposite the angle by a,b,c respectively as shown above.
Triangles
Definition

Kinds of Triangle according to sides.


a. A triangle is scalene, if no sides are equal.

b. A triangle is isosceles, if two sides are equal.

c. A triangle is equilateral ,three sides are equal.


Triangles
Definition

Kinds of Triangle according to angles


A. a triangle is obtuse, if one angle is obtuse. B. a triangle is right, if one angel is right.

C. A triangle is acute ,if all angels are acute. D. triangle is equiangular ,if all angles are
equal.
Triangles
Definition

 The side adjacent and opposite tobthe right angle in a right triangle are called legs and hypotenuse
,respectively.
The base angle of an isosceles triangles are the angle opposite the equal sides. The base angle of an
isosceles triangle are equal.

An exterior angle of a polygon is an angle formed by a side and the prolongation of the adjacent side,
as shown in1below.

An exterior angle is equal to the sum of the non-adjacent interior angles. as in the preceding figure ,
+
Triangles
Definition

A median of a triangle is a line segment joining a vertex with the midpoint of the opposite side.
An altitude of a triangle is a line segment from a vertex perpendicular to and terminated by the opposite side
or its prolongation.
an angle bisector of a triangle is a line segment bisecting an angle and terminated by the opposite side.
The perimeter of a triangle is the sum of the lengths of its sides.
Pythagorean Theorem
Definition

 The square of the hypotenuse of a triangle is equal to the sum of the square of its legs.

c 2 = a2 + b2
c=
Measurements of Triangle

 A right triangle is a triangle with a right angle.

c=
P=a+b+c
A = ab = chc
Measurements of Triangle

 An isosceles right triangle is a triangle with at least two sides are equal.

by Pythagorean theorem,

c=

P=a+b+c
Measurements of Triangle

An equilateral triangle with three sides equal.

P = 3s
A=
Measurements of Triangle

 Oblique triangle - An oblique triangle is a triangle with no right angle.

P=a+b+c
A= = =
Quadrilaterals

 A Quadrilateral is polygon of four sides. If no two sides are parallel the quadrilateral is called
trapezium. the perimeter of a quadrilateral is the sum of the median of a trapezoid is the line segment
joining the midpoints of non-parallel side. such as EF as shown.

The median of a trapezoid is equal to one-half the sum of the bases.


m = (a + b)
An altitude of a trapezoid is a line segment perpendicular to and between the bases.
The area of a trapezoid is equal to the product of the altitude and median of the trapezoid.
A=
Quadrilaterals

  A parallelogram is a quadrilateral whose opposite side are parallel. Its opposite side are equal.
Two sides are parallel and equal . Its diagonal bisect each other and its opposite angles are equal.

A rhombus is a parallelogram with equal adjacent sides.


A=
P = 4s
h=
Quadrilaterals

 A rectangle is a parallelogram with a right angle. The dimensions of a rectangle are the length and
the altitude height or width of the rectangle .the bases of the area of the rectangle is the product of
its dimension.
A = ab
P = 4s
h=
A square is a rectangle with equal adjacent sides.
A = s2
P = 4s
d=
Quadrilaterals

 A regular hexagon is a polygon six sides.


A=
P =8s
A regular octagon is a polygon with 8 sides

Ellipse
A=
a = semi major axis
b = semi minor axis
Quadrilaterals

 Examples
1. A block is enclosed by two parallel streets 12 meters apart and are crossed by two other streets not parallel. If the block
enclosed is 15 meters on one side and 10 meters on the other ,what is the area the block?
Solution. A= ( a+b) h
= (15+10)(14)
= 175 sq.m
2. Find the area of the largest circle which can be cut form a square of edge 5 cm. What is the are of the material wasted?
Solution. Let x be the area of the material wasted
x =area of the square –area of the circle
Ao = = (2.5)2 = 19.63cm2
As = s2 = 52 = 25cm2
x = As – Ao = 25 – 19.63 = 5.37cm2
Circle

  A circle is a closed curve whose points are equidistant from a fixed called the center. the constant distance is called
radius . a portion of the circle called arc.
A chord is a line segment joining two points on a circle. A diameter is a chord passing through the center of the circle. A
central angle is an angle formed by two radii.
The arc terminated by two radii is called intercepted arc or arc of the central formed by the radii. A segment of circle is the
figure formed by an arc its chord. A sector of a circle is the figure formed by an arc and the radii drawn to endpoints of the
arc. The circumference of a circle is its measure of length . The area of a circle is the number of units of surface enclosed
by the circle.
A= = =

Sector of circle Segment of Circle


C=r
A= A=
End

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