Law Enforcement Operations

& Planning w/ Crime Mapping

Prepared By: Ervin Franz M. Cuevillas, Rcrim, MSCJ (CAR)
What is A Plan?
• A method for achieving an end
• An often customary method of doing something
• A detailed formulation of a program of action
• An orderly arrangement of parts of an overall
design or objective
What and Why we need of Planning?
• Thinking in advance
• What when and how is to done why.
• Reduce uncertainty
• Reduce overlapping and wasteful resources
• Decision making
• Focus on objective
What are the Principles of Planning?
• Principle of contribution
• Principle of sound and consistent premising
• Principle of coordinated planning
• Principle of commitment
• Principle of timing
• Principle of flexibility
• Principle of limiting factors
• Principle of acceptance
• Principle of efficiency
• Principle of navigational change
Principle of Contribution
• The purpose of planning is to ensure the effective and efficient
achievement of corporate objectives, in-fact, the basic criteria
for the formulation of plans are to achieve the ultimate
objectives of the company/organization.
• Connect
• Contribute
• Collaborate
• Communicate
Principle of Sound and Consistent Premising
• Premises are the assumptions regarding the
environment forces like economic and market
conditions, social, political, legal and cultural
aspects, competitors actions, etc. these are
prevalent during the period of the implementation
of plans.
Principle of Coordinated Planning
• Long and short range plans should be coordinated with
one another to form an integrated plan, this is possible
only when latter are derived from the former. i.e.
implementation of one plan should contribute to all the
other plans, this is possible only when all plans are
consistent with one another and are viewed as parts of
an integrated corporate plan.
Principle of Efficiency
• Cost of planning constitute human, physical and
financial resources for their formulation and
implementation as well. Minimizing the cost and
achieving the efficient utilization of resources shall has
to be aim of the employee satisfaction and
development, and social standing of the organization
are supposed to be considered while calculating the
cost and benefits of plan.
Principle of Limiting Factors
• The limiting factors are the lack of motivated
employees, shortage of trained personnel, shortage of
capital funds, government policy of price regulation,
etc. the company requires to monitor all these factors
and need to tackle the same in an efficient way so as
to make smooth way for the achievement of its
ultimate objectives.
Principle of Acceptance
• Plans should be understood and accepted by the
employees, since the successful implementation of
plans requires the willingness and cooperative efforts
from them. Communication also plays a crucial role in
gaining the employee understanding and acceptance of
the plans by removing their doubts and
misunderstanding about the plans also their
apprehensions and anxieties about consequences of
plans for achievement of their personal goal.
Principle of Timing
• Number of major and minor plans of the
organization should be arranged in a systematic
manner. The plans should be arranged in a time
hierarchy, initiation and completion of those plans
should be clearly determined.
Principle of Flexibility
• Plans are supposed to be flexible to favor the
organization to cope-up with the unexpected
environments. It is always required to keep in
mind that future will be different in actuality.
Hence companies, therefore, require to prepare
contingency plans which may be put into
operation in response to the situations.
Principle of Commitment
• A commitment is required to carry-on the
business that is established. The planning shall
has to be in such a way that the product
diversification should encompass the particular
period during which entire investment on that
product is recovered.
Principle of Navigational Change
• Since the environment is always not the same as
predicted, plans should be reviewed periodically.
This may require changes in strategies,
objectives, policies and programmers of the
organization. The management should take all
the necessary steps while reviewing the plans so
that they efficiently achieve the ultimate goals of
the organization.
What are the Elements of Planning?
• Objectives – objectives are statements of future conditions, that a
manager hopes to achieve.
• Actions – actions are the means, or specific activities, planned to
achieve the objectives. The terms strategies and tactics refer to
planned courses of action.
• Resources – resources are constraints on the course of action. It
also involves budgeting, identifying the sources and levels of
resources that can be committed to the courses of action.
• Implementation – implementation involves the assignment and
direction of personnel to carry out the plan. The three approaches to
implementation are authority, persuasion, and policy.
4 types of Plans
• Operational plans - Operational planning can be ongoing or single-
use. The latter is usually created for a specific event that will only
occur once, such as a unique marketing campaign. Ongoing plans can
include rules and regulations, procedures, and the day to day running
of the company.
• Strategic Plans - Strategic planning is the foundation of an
organization. Essentially, strategic plans dictate the important
decisions made within a business. Strategic plans can have scopes
that range from three years to ten years. These plans include the
organization’s mission, values, and vision. A good strategic plan always
considers things in the long-term and remembers the big picture.
4 types of Plans
• Tactical plans - Tactical planning is supportive of the strategic plan. It involves
the tactics that will be used to execute the strategic plan. Within a tactical plan,
there are specific questions that need to be answered about what it will take to
accomplish the goals set in the strategic plan; the most important question being
how the company will accomplish the mission. This type of planning is very
focused and short-term. Tactical plans are sometimes flexible and often break
the strategy down into several parts and assign actionable tasks to each part.
• Contingency plan - Contingency planning is important for any business
because there is always the possibility of unforeseen changes. A contingency
plan is created for when the unexpected occurs or a major change needs to be
made in order to continue towards the goal. Not every change can be anticipated
which is why it’s imperative to have a contingency plan in place. Every business
leader should understand the importance of having a contingency plan.
Classification of Plans
• Standing use plans – standing use plans may be
defined as a long term approachable plan, which is
prepared by the top level managers of organization.
• Single use plans – where as single use plans may be
defined as a short term approachable this is prepared
by the lower level managers of organization.
Examples of Standing use plans & Single
use plans
• Standing use plans – the objective of standing use plans is to
attain the primary goals of organization
• Single use plans – where as the objective of single use plans
is to attain to the specific goals or to remove the specific
problems of organization.
• Standing use plans – standing use plans are stable in nature.
It cannot be changed at any cost.
• Single use plans – on the other hand single use plans are
flexible in nature & it can be changed as per the conditions of
organization.
POLICE OPERATIONAL PLANNING
In this chapter, the basic concepts in POLICE
planning are being discussed to reinforce the
topics in the previous chapters. This is so because
the word PLANNING became a common
terminology in Police Organizations, in Police
Management and Administration as well as in the
other fields of Criminal Justice.
What is Police Planning?

Police Planning is an attempt by police

administrators in trying to allocate anticipated
resources to meet anticipated service demands. It
is the systematic and orderly determination of
facts and events as basis for policy formulation
and decision affecting law enforcement
management.
What is Police Operational Planning?
Police Operational Planning is the act of
determining policies and guidelines for police
activities and operations and providing controls and
safeguards for such activities and operations in the
department. It may also be the process of
formulating coordinated sequence of methodical
activities and allocation of resources to the line units
of the police organization for the attainment of the
mandated objectives or goals.
What is Police Operational Planning?
Objectives are a specific commitment to achieve a
measurable result within a specific period of time.
Goals are general statement of intention and
typically with time horizon, or it is an achievable end
state that can be measured and observed. Making
choices about goals is one of the most important
aspects of planning. Relate this definitions with their
description as defined in chapter one.
 The process of police operational planning involves
strategies or tactics, procedures, policies or guidelines. A
Strategy is a broad design or method; or a plan to attain a
stated goal or objectives. Tactics are specific design, method
or course of action to attain a particular objective in
consonance with strategy. Procedures are sequences of
activities to reach a point or to attain what is desired. A policy
is a product of prudence or wisdom in the management of
human affairs, or policy is a course of action which could be a
program of actions adopted by an individual, group,
organization, or government, or the set of principles on which
they are based. Guidelines are rules of action for the rank and
file to show them how they are expected to obtain the desired
effect.
What is the Strategic Planning process?
• TASK 1 – Develop Mission and Objectives
• TASK 2 – Diagnose Environmental Threats and
Opportunities
• TASK 3 – Assess Organizational Strengths and
Weaknesses
• TASK 4 – Generate Alternative Strategies
• TASK 5 – Develop Strategic Plan
• TASK 6 - Develop Tactical Plan
• TASK 7 – Assess Results of Strategic and Tactical
Plan
• TASK 8 – Repeat Planning Process
 In the process, the police administrator can use the potent
tool of alternatives. Alternatives (options) are means by which
goals and objectives can be attained. They maybe policies,
strategies or specific actions aimed at eliminating a problem.
Alternative do not have to be substitutes for one another or
should perform the same function. For example, our goal is to
“improve officer-survival skills.” The plan is to train the officers
on militaristic and combat shooting. The alternatives could be:
• Alternative 1 – modify police vehicles
• Alternative 2 – issuing bulletproof vests
• Alternative 3 – utilizing computer assisted dispatch system
• Alternative 4 – increasing first-line supervision, etc
FUNDAMENTALS OF POLICE PLANNING
• What are the Objectives of Police Planning?
• To increase the chances of success by focusing on results and not so much
on the objectives.
• To force analytical thinking and evaluation of alternatives for better decisions.
• To establish a framework for decision making consistent with the goal of the
organization.
• To orient people to action instead of reaction.
• To modify the day-to-day style of operation to future management.
• To provide decision making with flexibility.
• To provide basis for measuring original accomplishments or individual
performance.
• To increase employee and personnel involvement and to improve
communication.
What are the characteristics of a good
police plan?
• With clearly defined Objectives or Goals.
• Simplicity, Directness and Clarity
• Flexibility
• Possibility of Attainment
• Must provide Standard of Operation
• Economy in terms of Resources needed for
implementation
What are the guidelines in Planning?
• The five (5) W’s and one (1) H
• What to do – mission/objective
• Why to do – reason/philosophy
• When to do – date/time
• Where to do – place
• Who will do – people involve
• How to do – strategy
What are the responsibilities in Planning?
• Broad External Policy Planning – is the responsibility of the
legislative branch of the government. The main concern of the police
in this broad external policy planning is assisting the legislature in their
determining of police guideline through the passage of appropriate
laws or ordinances for the police to enforce.
• Internal Policy Planning – is the responsibility of the C/PNP and
other chiefs of the different units or headquarters within their area of
jurisdiction to achieve the objectives or mission of the police
organization. They are responsible for planning, organizing, staffing,
directing, coordinating, controlling, reporting and budgeting for the
police organization within existing policies and available resources. For
maximum police effectiveness, they shall be responsible for the
technical operation of the police organization and management of its
personnel.
To be continued….. Next topic is
Synoptic Planning.