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Determination of Total Hardness of Water Samples

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Davinci Legaspi
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54 views15 pages

Determination of Total Hardness of Water Samples

Uploaded by

Davinci Legaspi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Determination of

Total Hardness of
Water Samples
Objectives
• Determine and evaluate the total
hardness of water samples
• Enumerate the proper technique in
conducting complexometric titrimetry
Setup

Figure 1. and solutions used in determining hardness of H2O using EDTA Materials
Materials

• Burette
• 50 mL Pipette (with pump)
• Beaker
• Reagent Bottle
• Filter Funnel
• Conical Flask
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Reagents

• 10 M Buffer solution
• Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
• Deionized H2O
• Eriochrome Black T
• Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
• Calcium Chloride (CaCl)
Schematic Diagram

Figure 2. Procedures in Determination of Total Hardness of Water Samples


Determination of hardness of water sample using
EDTA.

  TRIAL  Calculation:
  1 2 3
M2+ = Ca2+ / Mg2+

Volume of sample (mL) 100 mL 100 mL 100 mL H2Y2- = EDTA

M2+ + H2Y  MY + 2H+


Initial 0.0 mL 0.0 mL 0.0 mL Molarity of EDTA (N1) = 0.01 M
Mean volume of EDTA: 2.9 + 2.8 = 5.7/2 = 2.85 mL
Volume of
Final 3.1 mL 2.9 mL 2.8 mL
EDTA (mL) mol of EDTA: (2.85 mL) = 2.85 x 10-5 mol
Molarity of Metal ions (M 2+): (10) = 2.85 x 10-4 M
Mean 2.85 mL
Molar mass of CaCO3: 40 + 12 + 3(16) = 100 g/mol
Ppm of CaCO3: (2.85 x 10-4 mol/L)(100 g/mol)(1000) = 28.5 mg/L (<60,
Hardness (ppm CaCO3) 28.5 ppm soft water)

Table 1. Determination of hardness of water sample using EDTA


Guide Questions

1. What is the difference between temporary hardness and permanent


hardness?
• Permanent hardness is hardness that cannot be removed by boiling. This is
mostly due to the presence of calcium sulfate and/or magnesium sulfates in
the water or when chlorides and sulfides of calcium and magnesium are
dissolved in water because they do not precipitate out as the temperature
increases. On the other hand, temporary hardness is the type of hardness that
is removable; this is due to the presence of dissolved bicarbonate minerals like
calcium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate which makes water hard.
Temporary hardness of water can be removed by boiling.
Guide Questions

2. How can you relate the result of the hardness of water to the source of the
sample?
• The hardness of the water depends on the amount of dissolved calcium and
magnesium in the water. The more Ca2+/Mg2+ is dissolved in the water the
harder the water, however, the water hardness is reduced whenever EDTA is
added to the water sample during the titration. An indicator that the calcium is
removed is when the water sample changes from red to blue but when the color
blue sample is added with Calcium chloride the water sample turns back into
color red because the excess amount of calcium was detected and reacted with
Eriochrome Black T.
Guide Questions

• A  200.00 mL sample of water containing Ca2+ions is titrated with 16.38


3.
mL of EDTA solution in the previous problem. Calculate the hardness of
water in terms of ppm CaCO3.
• Sol’n:
M of hard water= = 8.19x10-4 M
Molar mass CaCO3 =100.08 g/mole

 
Guide Questions

4. Titration of Ca2+and Mg2+in a 50.00 mL sample of hardwater required


23.60 mL of 0.01205 M EDTA.A second 50.00 mL aliquot was made
strongly basic with NaOH to precipitate Mg2+. The supernatant liquid was
titrated with 14.50 mL of the EDTA solution. Calculate the total hardness
of the water sample expressed as
a) ppm CaCO3
b) ppm MgCO3 in the sample
Guide Questions

•   ppm CaCO3
a.
• Sol’n:
x 23.60 mL = 2.84x10-4 mol/L EDTA
2.84x10-4 mol/L EDTA/0.05 L= 5.68x10-3 mol/L
(5.68x10-3 mol/L) (100.09 g/mol CaCO3) = 0.57 g/L CaCO3
ppm CaCO3 = mg/L = 0.57 g/L CaCO3 x 1000

= 570 ppm
 
Guide Questions

•   ppm MgCO3 in the sample


b.
• Sol’n:
x 14.50 mL = 1.75x10-4 mol/L EDTA
1.75x10-4 mol/L EDTA/0.05 L = 3.5 x 10-3 mol/L
(3.5 x 10-3 mol/L) (84.31 g/mol MgCO3) = 0.30 g/L MgCO3
ppm MgCO3 = mg/L = 0.30 g/L MgCO3 x 1000

= 300 ppm
 
Conclusion

• Hard water or water hardness is the quality of water which contains


dissolved compounds of divalent and trivalent metallic elements,
specifically magnesium and calcium. Although these ions do not pose
any harmful threat to humans’ health, they can still engage in reactions
that leave insoluble mineral deposits, making the water unsuitable for
different purposes. Water hardness can be classified into two types
which are temporary and permanent hardness. Complexometric
titration can be done by direct titration, back titration, substitution
titration, and alkalimetric titration.
Reference

• BPP Chemistry. (2020, March 27). Total Water Hardness using EDTA
Titration [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljNNZvxOw0g&t=368s

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