UNIT THREE/ 1

PAST SIMPLE
1. To express a finished action in the past.
- H. g. wells wrote war of the worlds in 1898.
- We met in 2008.
- I went to England two years ago.
2. To express events which comes in sequence in a story. ( narration)
-I heard voices coming from downstairs, so I put on my dressing- gown and went to investigate….
3. To express a habit or state in the past. - When I was a child, we lived in a small house by the
sea. Every day I played on the beach with my brother.
This state is often used with ( used to)
- I used to go walking to the park everyday.
FORM OF THE PAST SIMPLE
1. Positive:
- I finished my work yesterday.
They arrived two weeks ago.
2. Negative:
I didn’t finish my work yesterday.
They didn’t arrive two weeks ago.
3. Question:
When did they arrive?
Did you finish your work?
 PAST CONTINUOUS
1. To express activities in progress before, and probably after, a particular time in the past.
- I was having breakfast when I phoned you at 8:00 am.
- I walked past your house last night. There was an awful lot of noise. What where you doing?
2. For description:
- The room was shining and the children were screaming.
3. To express an action which was interrupted.
I was reading a book when he came.
While we were playing football, it started to rain.
4. To express an incomplete activity in order to make a difference between the past simple which refers to
finished actions and the past continuous which refers to unfinished actions.
- I was writing the report during the flight. ( but I didn’t finish it)
- I watched a film during the flight. ( the whole film).
5. To express an activity which was taking place during a period of time.
- I was working all the time yesterday.
FORM OF PAST SIMPLE
1. Positive:
She was shopping.
They were working
2. Negative:
She wasn’t shopping.
They weren’t working.
3. Question:
Was she shopping?
What were they doing?
PAST SIMPLE VS PAST
CONTINUOUS
1. A) Past simple focuses on past actions as simple facts.
A: I didn’t see at the conference yesterday.
B: No, I stayed at home and watched football.
B) The Past Continuous focuses on the duration of past situations and activities. Compare:
A: I didn’t see you at the conference yesterday.
B: No, I was watching football at home.
2. Questions in the Past Simple and Past Continuous refer to different time periods: the past continuous asks
about events before, the past simple asks what happened after.
When his father died, Peter was studying at medicine school. He decided that it was better to go home to his
mother and postpone his studies.
What was Peter doing when his father died? He was studying
What did Peter do when his father died? He went home to his mother.
PAST PERFECT
The past perfect: is used to describe a time in the past which took place before
another action.
- She was crying( 2) because her grandmother had died(1).
the grandmother died first then she cried.
- I arrived to pick him up(2), but he had left(1).
First he left then I arrived.
- When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my apartment and had
stolen my DVD player so I called the police.
FORM OF PAST PERFECT
1. Positive:
I had seen him before.
They had left when I arrived.
2. Negative:
We hadn’t finished at 6 o’clock.
He hadn’t seen him before.
3. Question:
Had you finished your work yet?
Where had they been before?
PAST PERFECT AND PAST
SIMPLE
These two tenses are used to tell a story in chronological order. (‫ترتيب‬GGG‫ب‬
GG‫ث لا‬G‫الحدا‬GG‫رد ا‬G‫) س‬
Because the past perfect describes the action that happened first. (‫دثاول‬G‫) ح‬. However,
the past simple describes actions which happened next. ( ‫اني‬
GGG‫دث ث‬G‫) ح‬
- John sat and looked at the mess after the party( 2). It had been a great evening, and
everyone had had a good time.( 1)
 TIME CLAUSES
1. After, until, and as soon as, before, when= are time conjunctions which are used to distinguish the order
of the actions. These are unnecessary with the past perfect.
-After I had a shower, I went to bed.
-As soon as the guests left, I started cleaning the house.
-I sat outside until the sun went down.
2. The past perfect can help to separate the first from the second action.
-When I had read the paper, I threw it away.
3. Two verbs in the past can SUGGEST that the first action led to the other.
- When I heard the news, I burst out crying= the news led to the crying
4. When is more common with the past perfect.
When I had opened the door, the cat jumped up.
WRITING / UNIT THREE Writing Narratives.
Linking words
WRITING SECTION P. 106
Narrative writing is what we know as storytelling. Narrative
writing is writing that has a story, characters, conflict, and
other essential parts of a story. Narrative writing is often
synonymous with a story. And this differs greatly compared
to other forms of writing, like in textbooks and certain
nonfiction books. It is about when, where, who you were
with, and what happened.
Past tense forms and adverbs should be used.
THE FARMER AND HIS SONS
MORAL: HARD WORKING BRING
WEALTH, SUCCESS, REWARDS
WRITING P. 106
Telling a story:
Ex. 1/ Read the story. Where do clauses a- f go?
Answer
THE FARMER AND HIS SONS
There was once an old, dying farmer (1) who had worked hard in his vineyard all his life. Before he died
he wanted to teach his three sons how to be good farmers. So he called them to his bedside and said, 'My
boys, I have an important secret to tell you: there is a great treasure buried in the vineyard. Promise me that
you will look for it when I am dead.'
The sons gave their promise and (2) as soon as their father had died, they began looking for the treasure.
They worked very hard in the hot sun (3) and while they were working they thought about what their
father had said. They pictured boxes of gold coins, diamond necklaces, and other such things. (4) Soon
they had dug up every inch of the vineyard but they found not a single penny. They were very upset (5)
because they felt that all their hard work had been for nothing. However, a few months later the grapes
started to appear on the vines. Their grapes were the biggest and best in the neighborhood and they sold
them for a lot of money. Now the sons understood (6) what their father had meant by the great treasure
and they lived happily ever after.
LINKING WORDS/ P. 107
Before, as soon as, while, during, when, but, however, so, who.
Ex2: Complete the sentences using a linking word from the box. Use each linking word once only.
Answers
There was once an emperor who lived in a palace.
He had three daughters but no sons.
He wanted his daughters to marry before he died.
He found three princes. However, his daughters didn't like them.
They refused to marry the princes, so the emperor became very angry.
He said they must get married when they were sixteen years old.
The three daughters ran away during the night and found work on a farm.
They fell in love with the farmer's sons while they were working there.
They married the sons as soon as they were sixteen.
THE EMPEROR AND HIS
DAUGHTERS
WRITING P. 107
Ex3/ In what ways are these sentences different from the ones in ex. 2?
There was once an old emperor who lived in an enormous, golden palace in the
middle of the city Ping Chong. He had three beautiful daughters, but unfortunately
no sons.
Answers
There are more adjectives and some adverbial phrases.
There was once an old emperor who lived in an enormous, golden palace in the
middle of the city Ping Chong. He had three beautiful daughters, but unfortunately
no sons.
 WRITING P. 106
Ex3/ In what ways are these sentences different from HOMEWORK: Choose either 1 or 2.
the ones in ex. 2?
HOMEWORK 1:
There was once an old emperor who lived in an
enormous, golden palace in the middle of the city Ping Using the sentences in ex. 2, continue rewriting the
Chong. He had three beautiful daughters, but story, adding more details to make it more
unfortunately no sons. interesting. Write about 200 words.
Answers HOMEWORK 2:
There are more adjectives and some adverbial phrases. Write a folk tale or a fairy story that you know.
Write about 200 words.
There was once an old emperor who lived in an
enormous, golden palace in the middle of the city Note: begin with: once upon a time there was/ were
Ping Chong. He had three beautiful daughters, but
unfortunately no sons. End with: …. And they lives happily ever after.
 WORD FORMATION
Look at these noun and adjective suffixes.
Noun suffixes: -ance –ation -ion -ition -ment -ness
Adjective suffixes: -al -ful -tific -ly -ous – y
Adjective Noun Noun Verb
Friendly Friend Invitation Invite
Musical Music Achievement Achieve
Scientific Science Competition Compete
Happy Happiness Discussion Discuss
Greedy Greed Organization Organize
Dangerous Danger Appearance Appear
Wonderful Wonder Exploration Explore
WORD FORMATION
Complete the sentences with words from the previous slide.
1. My family is very musical. My brothers play in a band and my mother is a concert
pianist.
2. I'm having some friends over this weekend and I'd like to invite you.
3. My favorite wonder of the natural world is the Niagara Falls, without a doubt.
4. One of the most important scientific achievements is the discovery of penicillin.
5. Rock climbing is a dangerous sport.
6. When we had a discussion about the film, we realized that nobody had enjoyed it.
7. Our cat wants to eat all the time. I don't know why he's so greedy!
8. The Red Crescent is a medical organization.
9. Yasmina entered in a magazine competition and won a holiday for two.
10. I've never been to Cairo before. Let's go out and explore.