Scribd
Upload
232 views

Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL) - Utilities

This document provides an introduction to the Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL), an open source library for reading and writing geospatial raster and vector data. It describes what geospatial data is, the different types of raster and vector formats, and gives an overview of GDAL's capabilities including supporting over 50 raster formats and command line utilities for data translation, processing, analysis and visualization of digital elevation models.

Uploaded by

sabya-sachi-9715
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
232 views

Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL) - Utilities

This document provides an introduction to the Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL), an open source library for reading and writing geospatial raster and vector data. It describes what geospatial data is, the different types of raster and vector formats, and gives an overview of GDAL's capabilities including supporting over 50 raster formats and command line utilities for data translation, processing, analysis and visualization of digital elevation models.

Uploaded by

sabya-sachi-9715
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

Geospatial Data Abstraction

Library(GDAL)

Sabya Sachi
Agenda
• Geospatial data
• Introduction to GDAL
• GDAL command line utilities
What is geospatial data?

• Data or information identifying the geographic


location of features and boundaries on Earth
• Accessed, manipulated and analysed by
Geographic Information System
• Two types:
▫ Raster and Vector
• Raster data
▫ Contains rows and columns of data cells(pixels)
▫ Each pixel stores a single
value consisting of colour
and some additional information
▫ Stored in various formats-
from tif and jpeg to
BLOB as in RDBMS
• Vector data
▫ Geographical features expressed as vectors
▫ Coordinates, points, lines, arcs and polygons
▫ Geometries linked to database describing the
attributes
▫ Can be made to respect spatial attributes
Introduction to GDAL
 A open source library for reading and writing raster
geospatial data formats
 Includes OGR library in its source tree which
supports vector formats
 Has various command line utilities for data
translation and processing
 Supports over 50 Raster formats
 Primarily developed by Frank Warmerdam until
version 1.3.2 when maintainership was transferred
to GDAL/OGR Project management committee
under Open Source geo spatial foundation
• Crossplatform- supported on Linux,
Windows, Mac
• Supports various softwares to read and write
multiple data formats
▫ Google Earth
▫ Delta GIS
▫ GRASS GIS
▫ Orfeo Toolbox
▫ ……….
• Has all command line utilities compiled by
Frank Warmerdam into a single software
FWTools
GDAL Utility programs
 22 utilities
 gdalinfo: report information about a file
 gdal_translate: Copy a raster file with control of
output format
 gdaladdo: Add overview to a file
 gdalwarp: Warp an image into new coordinate
system
 gdaltindex: Build a mapserver raster tile index
 gdalbuildvrt: Build a VRT from a list of datasets
 gdal_countours: Countours from DEM
 gdaldem: Tools to analyze and visualize DEMs
 rgbgdal_merge.py: Build a quick mosaic from a
set of images
 2pct.py: Convert a 24 bit RGB to 8 bit paletted.
 pct2rgb.py: Convert a 8 bit paletted to 24 bit
RGB
 gdal2tiles.py: Create a TML tile structure,KML
and simple web viewer
 gdal_rasterize: Converts simple vector to raster
 gdaltransform: Transform coordinates
 nearblack: Convert nearly black/white border to
exact value
 gdal_retile.py: Retiles a set of tiles or build tiled
pyramid levels
 gdal_grid: Create raster from scatter data
 gdal_proximity.py: Compute a raster proximity
map
 gdal_polygonize.py: Generate polygons from
raster
 gdal_sieve.py: Raster sieve filter
 gdal_fillnodata.py: Interpolate in non data
regions
 gdal-config:Get options required to build
software using GDAL
gdalinfo
• Lists various information about GDAL
supported dataset
• Eg. Format driver, raster size, coordinate
system, band data types, band min/max values,
descriptions, nodata value etc…
• Syntax:
• An example output
gdal_translate
• Converts data from one format into another
• Can also perform rescaling and resampling
• Syntax:
gdaladdo
• Build or rebuild overview images for most of the
raster data formats
• Supports multiple resampling algorithms
including nearest resampling cubic resampling
etc.
• Syntax:
gdalwarp
• A utility for image mosaicing, reprojection and
warping
• Mosiacing: Correcting geometric deformations
• Warping: Mapping a point to another in an mage
without changing the data value at that point,
results in distortion sometimes, aids in
mosaicing.
• Syntax:

• Supports image mosaicing only if there is


existing output image
• Doesn’t adjust existing output image spatial
extent
gdaltindex
• Builds a shapefile with a record for each input
raster file
• Shapefile: Contain nontopological geometry and
attribute information for the spatial features in a
data set.
• If a shapefile already exists, new data is
appended to it.
• Used with mapserver
• Syntax:
gdaldem
• Used for analyzing and visualizing DEMs-
Digital Elevation models
• Has seven modes of operation:
▫ Hillshade
▫ Slope
▫ Aspect
▫ Color relief
▫ TRI(Terrain Ruggedness Index)
▫ TPI(Topographic Position Index)
▫ Roughness
• Example:

Original dem image

100% 255 255 255


75%   235 220 175
50%   190 185 135
25%   240 250 150
0%    50  180  50
gdaldem color-relief clip.tif ramp.txt colored.tif

Coloured relief raster


gdaldem slope clip slope.tif -s 111120

Slope map
gdaldem aspect clip.tif aspect.tif

Aspect map
gdaldem hillshade clip.tif hillshade.tif -z 5
-s 111120

Hillshade- colour relief


gdal_merge
• A python utility
• Automatically mosaic a set of images into a
single one
• Images must be in same coordinate system
• Images have must have matching raster bands
• Resolution can be different
• Can overlap
• Syntax:
• Example :
Conclusion

• GDAL is currently a major project in open


source community and commercial GIS
community

“I see GDAL as the glibc/glibc++ of the geospatial


software world. It's open, it provides core functionality, I
can't understand how anybody gets anything done
without it.”
- Howard Butler
References
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoinformation
• http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/spatial_d
ata.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_infor
mation_system
• http://www.geom.unimelb.edu.au/gisweb/GIS
Module/GIST_Vector.htm
• http://www.geom.unimelb.edu.au/gisweb/GIS
Module/GIST_Raster.htm
• http://www.gdal.org/gdal_utilities.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDAL
• http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/wiki/UserDocs/R
asterProcTutorial
• http://www.gdal.org/ogr/osr_tutorial.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_elevatio
n_model
• http://research.dmsolutions.ca/?p=350
THANK YOU

You might also like