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    BGP Route Selection: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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    EDWIN GREGORIO MARIN VARGAS
    The document discusses BGP route selection and BGP path attributes. It describes that BGP uses path attributes including origin, AS_path, next hop, local preference and MED to select the best route and control route distribution between autonomous systems. The key BGP path attributes and their classifications are defined. Common path attributes that influence route selection are also listed and explained.

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    BGP Route Selection: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved

    Uploaded by

    EDWIN GREGORIO MARIN VARGAS
    241 views25 pages
    The document discusses BGP route selection and BGP path attributes. It describes that BGP uses path attributes including origin, AS_path, next hop, local preference and MED to select the best route and control route distribution between autonomous systems. The key BGP path attributes and their classifications are defined. Common path attributes that influence route selection are also listed and explained.

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    Huawei Curso HCNA

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    HC120112012 BGP Route Selection

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    The document discusses BGP route selection and BGP path attributes. It describes that BGP uses path attributes including origin, AS_path, next hop, local preference and MED to select the best route and control route distribution between autonomous systems. The key BGP path attributes and their classifications are defined. Common path attributes that influence route selection are also listed and explained.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    241 views25 pages

    BGP Route Selection: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved

    Uploaded by

    EDWIN GREGORIO MARIN VARGAS
    The document discusses BGP route selection and BGP path attributes. It describes that BGP uses path attributes including origin, AS_path, next hop, local preference and MED to select the best route and control route distribution between autonomous systems. The key BGP path attributes and their classifications are defined. Common path attributes that influence route selection are also listed and explained.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    BGP Route Selection

    www.huawei.com

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved


    Foreword

    As an external gateway routing protocol, BGP is responsible


    for the exchange of NLRI among AS’. Combined with an
    abundance of path attributes, BGP is highly effective at
    controlling the exchange of this reachability information in order
    to realize route selection.

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page2


    Objective

    Upon completion of this section, you will be able to :


     Understand the function of path attributes
     Understand the behavior of BGP common path attributes
     Understand the BGP routing selection process

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page3


    Contents

    Overview of routing attribute


    BGP routing selection

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page4


    BGP Path Attributes

     BGP path attributes are the characteristics of the advertised


    BGP routes. It provides the information that allows BGP to
    choose a shortest path, detect routing loops, and determine
    routing policy.
     There are 4 types of BGP path attributes:

     Well-known mandatory
     Well-known discretionary
     Optional transitive
     Optional non-transitive

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 5


    BGP Path Attributes (Cont.)

     Well-known attribute must be recognized by all BGP


    implementations
     Well-known mandatory

    − must be included in all BGP update messages


     Well-known discretionary

    − may or may not be sent in the BGP update message


     All the well-known mandatory attributes must be included in all
    BGP update messages and being advertised to all BGP peers.

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 6


    BGP Path Attributes (Cont.)

     BGP implementation is not necessarily required to support the optional


    attributes
     Optional transitive

    − BGP process should accept the path in which it is included even


    if it doesn't support the attribute and it should pass the path on
    to its peers
     Optional non-transitive

    − BGP process that does not recognize the attribute can ignore th
    e Update in which it is included and not advertise the path to its
    other peers.
     The optional attributes (including transitive and non-transitive) may or
    may not be carried in the update message

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 7


    Common BGP Path Attributes

    1 、 Origin 9 、 Originator-ID
    2 、 AS_PATH 10 、 Cluster-List
    3 、 Next hop 11 、 Destination Pref
    4 、 MED 12 、 Advertiser
    5 、 Local-Preference 13 、 Rcid_PATH
    6 、 Atomic-Aggregate 14 、 MP_Reach_NLRI
    7 、 Aggregator 15 、 MP_Unreach_NLRI
    8 、 Community 16 、 Extended_Communitie
    s

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 8


    Common BGP Path Attributes (Cont.)

    BGP Attribute Class


    ＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝ || ＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
    1. Origin (well-known mandatory)
    2. AS_Path (well-known mandatory)
    3. Next_Hop (well-known mandatory)
    4. Multi_Exit_Disc (optional non-transitive)
    5. Local_Pref (well-known discretionary)
    6. Atomic_Aggregate (well-known discretionary)
    7. Aggregator (optional transitive)
    8. Community (optional transitive)
    9. Originator ID (optional non-transitive)
    10. Cluster List (optional non-transitive)

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 10


    Origin Attribute

     The implementation methods specified below are used to determine the


    origin attribute of a route
     BGP routes that are directly injected into BGP routing table carry the
    IGP origin attribute
    − BGP routes that are learned from an IGP routing table via the
    network command
     For the routes learned from the EGP (RFC904), its origin is EGP.
     The origin attribute is set to incomplete for other circumstances

    − BGP routes that are learned from redistribution carry the incomplete
    origin attribute, because there is no way to determine the original
    source of the route.
     By default, the value of the origin attribute will not be changed by any of
    the routers.

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 11


    Origin Attribute (Cont.)

    [RTB]display bgp routing-table

    Total Number of Routes: 2

    BGP Local router ID is 192.168.2.1


    Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
    h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
    Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
    Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn

    *> 192.168.1.0 10.1.1.1 0 0 100i


    * 192.168.2.0 10.1.1.1 0 0 100i

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 13


    AS Path (AS_PATH) Attribute
    18.0.0.0/8
    AS300
    RTA
    AS200
    AS400
    NLRI 18.0.0.0/8
    AS_PATH (400 300 200)

    AS500
    NLRI 18.0.0.0/8
    AS_PATH (500 200)
    AS 100
    NLRI 18.0.0.0/8
    AS_PATH (500 200)

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 14


    Question

    Will RTA accept this route?

    RTA
    NLRI 10.0.0.0/8
    AS_PATH(387 213)

    AS 213 AS 387
    RTC
    10.0.0.0/8
    NLRI 10.0.0.0/8
    AS_PATH (213)
    RTB

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 16


    Planning of the AS_PATH

    RTC NLRI 10.0.0.0/8 RTD


    AS_PATH (123)
    10.0.0.0/8
    2 Mbps
    2 Mbps AS 462

    2 Mbps
    NLRI 10.0.0.0/8
    AS 123 AS_PATH (462 123)

    64 kbps
    10.0.0.0/8 AS 387
    NLRI 10.0.0.0/8
    RTA AS_PATH (123 123 123) RTB

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 17


    Next Hop Attribute
    RTA RTC
    I can reach 18.0.0.0/8 via next hop10.0.0.2 I can reach 19.0.0.0/8 via next hop 10.0.0.1
    I can reach 20.0.0.0/8 via next hop10.0.0.3 I can reach 20.0.0.0/8 via next hop 10.0.0.3
    I can reach 19.0.0.0/8 via next hop 21.0.0.1

    RTC AS200
    AS100 10.0.0.2
    RTA 18.0.0.0/8
    EBGP
    10.0.0.1
    21.0.0.2 IBGP
    IBGP
    21.0.0.1 20.0.0.0/8
    10.0.0.3
    19.0.0.0/8 RTD
    RTB
    RTB
    I can reach 18.0.0.0/8 via next hop 10.0.0.2
    I can reach 20.0.0.0/8 via next hop 10.0.0.3

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 18


    Local-Preference Attribute

    ISP1
    Internet
    Prefix/mask Local-Pref
    210.52.83.0 200
    210.52.83.0/24
    210.52.82.0 100 RT1
    210.52.82.0/24

    ISP0
    RT4 ISP2
    RT2
    RT5 RT3

    Prefix/mask Local-Pref
    210.52.83.0 100
    210.52.82.0 200

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 20


    MED (Multi-Exit-DISC) Attribute
    Prefix/mask MED
     MED is an optional non-
    210.52.83.0 50
    transitive attribute 210.52.82.0 100

     To discriminate among
    multiple entry points to
    reach the same AS200
    neighboring autonomous RT2 RT1
    system (the lowest MED
    value is preferred).
     The MED value is sent to
    the peer via EBGP
    RT3
    Prefix/mask MED
    210.52.83.0 100
    210.52.82.0 50 AS100

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 22


    Question
     Why is the link towards RTA (smaller MED value) not selected as
    the preferred link to reach network 192.10.0.0/16?

    E0 192.10.0.0/16 E0

    AS500 RTA AS600


    RTB
    201.1.1.1/24 160.1.1.1/24
    MED MED
    10 20

    201.1.1.2/24 160.1.1.2/24

    RTC
    AS700

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 24


    Community Attribute

     What is a community attribute?

     It is a group of destinations that share some common


    nature and routing policy. They work by setting a common
    community attribute in the routes and peers receiving those
    routes can recognize the community attribute and apply
    appropriate policy.
     Community attribute

     Attribute type code: 8


     Optional transitive attribute

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 25


    Community Attribute

     The community attribute comprises of a set of four bytes value


    (0x00000000—0xFFFFFFFF)
     Reserved community attributes

    − 0x00000000—0x0000FFFF
    − 0xFFFF0000—0xFFFFFFFF
     Well-known community attribute:

    − NO_EXPORT (0xFFFFFF01)
    − NO_ADVERTISE (0xFFFFFF02)
    − NO_EXPORT_SUBCONFED (0xFFFFFF03)
     Private community attribute

    − AS(2B):Number(2B)
    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 26
    Contents

    Overview of routing attribute


    BGP routing selection

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page28


    BGP Route Selection Process

     If the next hop of this route is unreachable, then ignore this route

     Select the route with highest Preferred-Value

     Select the route with highest local preference

     Prefer the aggregated route to the detailed routes

     Prefer the route with the shortest AS_PATH.

     BGP compares the origin attribute of the route and selects the route with the
    lowest origin attribute code: IGP is lower than EGP, which is lower than
    Incomplete.
     Select the route with the lowest MED value. This comparison is done only if
    the AS number is the same for all the routes being considered.

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 29


    BGP Route Selection Process (Cont.)

     Prefer EBGP routes over IBGP routes.

     Prefer the route with the shortest path to the BGP NEXT_HOP. This is the
    route with the lowest IGP metric to the next-hop router.
     When all the above are identical, they are equivalent route and can be
    used for load balancing
    − Note: AS_PATH must be the same
    − The last 3 route selection rules can be ignored when load balancing
    is implemented.
     Selects the route with the shortest cluster-list

     Prefer the route with smaller Originator ID. Select the route with smaller
    router ID if Originator ID is unavailable.
     Prefer the route with smaller peer IP address.

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 30


    Summary

     What are BGP path attributes?

     How many attributes are available at


    present?
     How does the AS_PATH attribute
    prevent the routing loop?
     What is the difference between the
    MED and LOCAL_PREF attribute?

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 31


    Thank You
    www.huawei.com

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