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The document discusses arrays in C++, including parallel arrays, two-dimensional arrays, and multidimensional arrays. It describes how to declare, initialize, access components of, and process these different array types. Some key points covered include using parallel arrays to store related data, declaring and initializing two-dimensional arrays, accessing array components using indices, and common operations for processing two-dimensional arrays like initialization, input, output, summing rows and columns. The document also discusses passing multi-dimensional arrays to functions and using enumeration types for array indices.

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90 views37 pages

Powerpoint 4

The document discusses arrays in C++, including parallel arrays, two-dimensional arrays, and multidimensional arrays. It describes how to declare, initialize, access components of, and process these different array types. Some key points covered include using parallel arrays to store related data, declaring and initializing two-dimensional arrays, accessing array components using indices, and common operations for processing two-dimensional arrays like initialization, input, output, summing rows and columns. The document also discusses passing multi-dimensional arrays to functions and using enumeration types for array indices.

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Chapter 8

Arrays and Strings


Parallel Arrays
• Two (or more) arrays are called parallel if their
corresponding components hold related
information
• Example:
int studentId[50];
char courseGrade[50];

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 2


C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 3
Two- and Multidimensional Arrays
• Two-dimensional array:

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 4


Two- and Multidimensional Arrays
• Two-dimensional array: collection of a fixed
number of components (of the same type)
arranged in two dimensions
– Sometimes called matrices or tables
• Declaration syntax:

– intExp1 and intExp2 are expressions with


positive integer values specifying the number of
rows and columns in the array
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 5
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 6
Accessing Array Components
• Accessing components in a two-dimensional
array:

– Where indexExp1 and indexExp2 are


expressions with positive integer values, and
specify the row and column position
• Example:
sales[5][3] = 25.75;

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 7


Accessing Array Components (cont’d.)

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 8


Two-Dimensional Array Initialization
During Declaration
• Two-dimensional arrays can be initialized
when they are declared:
– Elements of each row are enclosed within braces
and separated by commas
– All rows are enclosed within braces
– For number arrays, unspecified elements are set
to 0

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 9


C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 10
Two-Dimensional Arrays and
Enumeration Types
• Enumeration types can be used for array
indices:

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 11


C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 12
Processing Two-Dimensional Arrays
• Ways to process a two-dimensional array:
– Process entire array
– Row processing: process a single row at a time
– Column processing: process a single column at a
time
• Each row and each column of a two-
dimensional array is a one-dimensional array
– To process, use algorithms similar to processing
one-dimensional arrays
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 13
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 14
Initialization
• Examples:

– To initialize the entire matrix to 0:

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 15


Print
• Use a nested loop to output the components
of a two dimensional array:

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 16


Input
• Examples:
– To input into row number 4 (fifth row):

– To input data into each component of matrix:

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 17


Sum by Row
• Example:

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 18


Sum by Column
• Example:
– To find the sum of each individual column:

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 19


Largest Element in Each Row
and Each Column
• Example:
– To find the largest element in each row:

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 20


C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 21
Passing Two-Dimensional Arrays as
Parameters to Functions
• Two-dimensional arrays are passed by
reference as parameters to a function
– Base address is passed to formal parameter
• Two-dimensional arrays are stored in row
order
• When declaring a two-dimensional array as a
formal parameter, can omit size of first
dimension, but not the second

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 22


C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 23
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 24
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 25
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 26
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 27
Inclass 1/24

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 28


Arrays of Strings
• Strings in C++ can be manipulated using either
the data type string or character arrays (C-
strings)
• On some compilers, the data type string
may not be available in Standard C++ (i.e.,
non-ANSI/ISO Standard C++)

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 29


Arrays of Strings
and the string Type
• To declare an array of 100 components of
type string:
string list[100];
• Basic operations, such as assignment,
comparison, and input/output, can be
performed on values of the string type
• The data in list can be processed just like
any one-dimensional array

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 30


Arrays of Strings and C-Strings
(Character Arrays)

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 31


Another Way to Declare
a Two-Dimensional Array
• Can use typedef to define a two-dimensional
array data type:

• To declare an array of 20 rows and 10


columns:

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 32


Multidimensional Arrays
• n-dimensional array: collection of a fixed
number of elements arranged in n dimensions
(n >= 1)
• Declaration syntax:

• To access a component:

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 33


C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 34
Project – chapter 8
Due date: 1/31 before 11:59pm

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 35


Input date (see notes below)

C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 36


C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 37

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