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    Identification of Ions and Gases

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    Abdullah Bilal
    This document discusses the identification of cations and anions in salts through chemical tests. It explains that cations such as calcium, copper, iron, aluminum, and zinc can be identified by adding sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide solutions and observing the color of any precipitate formed. Common anions like carbonate, chloride, iodide, nitrate and sulfate can be identified through reactions that produce gas effervescence, precipitates with silver nitrate, lead nitrate or barium nitrate solutions. The document provides detailed tables outlining the expected observations for reaction of common cations and anions.

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    Identification of Ions and Gases

    Uploaded by

    Abdullah Bilal
    273 views9 pages
    This document discusses the identification of cations and anions in salts through chemical tests. It explains that cations such as calcium, copper, iron, aluminum, and zinc can be identified by adding sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide solutions and observing the color of any precipitate formed. Common anions like carbonate, chloride, iodide, nitrate and sulfate can be identified through reactions that produce gas effervescence, precipitates with silver nitrate, lead nitrate or barium nitrate solutions. The document provides detailed tables outlining the expected observations for reaction of common cations and anions.

    Original Description:

    Rizwana Aftab

    Original Title

    Identification of ions and gases

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    This document discusses the identification of cations and anions in salts through chemical tests. It explains that cations such as calcium, copper, iron, aluminum, and zinc can be identified by adding sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide solutions and observing the color of any precipitate formed. Common anions like carbonate, chloride, iodide, nitrate and sulfate can be identified through reactions that produce gas effervescence, precipitates with silver nitrate, lead nitrate or barium nitrate solutions. The document provides detailed tables outlining the expected observations for reaction of common cations and anions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    273 views9 pages

    Identification of Ions and Gases

    Uploaded by

    Abdullah Bilal
    This document discusses the identification of cations and anions in salts through chemical tests. It explains that cations such as calcium, copper, iron, aluminum, and zinc can be identified by adding sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide solutions and observing the color of any precipitate formed. Common anions like carbonate, chloride, iodide, nitrate and sulfate can be identified through reactions that produce gas effervescence, precipitates with silver nitrate, lead nitrate or barium nitrate solutions. The document provides detailed tables outlining the expected observations for reaction of common cations and anions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    IDENTIFICATION OF CATIONS AND ANIONS

    Ms Rizwana Aftab
    SALTS

     Ionic substances
     Consisting of two parts
     Positive charged metal ions-- known as cations
     Negative charged ions-  known as anions
    TEST FOR CATIONS
     Cations can be identified by their reactions with
    aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia
     A precipitate is an insoluble solid.
     When testing for Cations, these precipitates only
    form when a metal ion in solution joins with
    hydroxide ions in solution to form an insoluble
    metal hydroxide
    e.g. Cu2+ + 2OH- --> Cu(OH)2    (blue copper(II)
    hydroxide precipitate)
    TESTS FOR CATIONS
    Cation Add dilute Add excess dilut Add dilute Add excess dilut
    NaOH e NaOH  aqueous NH3 (5 e aqueous NH3 
    (5 drops) drops)

     Al3+ white ppt of ppt dissolves white ppt of ppt insoluble 


    aluminium colourless aluminium
    hydroxide solution  hydroxide

     Ca2+ white ppt of ppt insoluble  no reaction  no reaction 


    calcium
    hydroxide

    Zn2+ white ppt of zinc ppt dissolves white ppt of zinc ppt dissolves
    hydroxide colourless hydroxide  colourless
    solution  solution 
    TESTS FOR CATIONS
     Cation Add dilute Add excess dilut Add dilute Add excess dilut
    NaOH e NaOH  aqueous NH3 (5 e aqueous NH3 
    (5 drops) drops)

     Cu2+ blue ppt of ppt insoluble  blue ppt of ppt dissolves


    copper(II) copper(II) deep blue
    hydroxide hydroxide  solution 

     Fe2+ dirty green ppt of ppt insoluble  dirty green ppt of ppt insoluble 
    iron(II) hydroxide iron(II)
    hydroxide 
     Fe3+ red-brown ppt of ppt insoluble  red-brown ppt of ppt insoluble 
    iron(III) iron(III)
    hydroxide hydroxide 
    TESTS FOR CATIONS
    Cation Add dilute Add excess dilut Add dilute Add excess dilut
    NaOH e NaOH  aqueous NH3 (5 e aqueous NH3 
    (5 drops) drops)
     Cr3+ green ppt of ppt soluble  green ppt of ppt insoluble 
    chromium (III) chromium (III)
    hydroxide hydroxide 

    NH4+ ammonium ammonia gas is -  no reaction - 


    produced on
    warming with
    dilute NaOH.
    This gas has a
    pungent smell
    and turns
    moist red litmus
    paper blue
    TEST FOR ANIONS
    Anion Test Test result

    Carbonate (CO32-) Add dilute acid Effervescence, carbon dioxide


    produced

    Chloride (Cl-) Acidify with dilute nitric acid, White ppt


    (in solution) then add aqueous silver nitrate

    Iodide (I-) Acidify with dilute nitric acid, Yellow ppt


    (in solution) then add aqueous lead(II)
    nitrate
    TEST FOR ANIONS
    Anion Test Test result

    nitrate (NO3-) Add aqueous sodium Ammonia produced


    (in solution) hydroxide, then aluminium
    foil, warm carefully

    Sulfate (SO42-) Acidify with dilute nitric acid, White ppt


    (in solution) then add aqueous barium
    nitrate
    COLORS OF SOME METAL HYDROXIDES

    Metal hydroxide     Colour

    calcium hydroxide white

    copper(II) hydroxide light blue

    iron(II) hydroxide green

    iron(III) hydroxide red-brown

    lead(II) hydroxide white

    zinc hydroxide white

    Chromium hydroxide green

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