Importance, Compilation and Classification of Hadith

 Literal meaning: new
 Technical meaning:
› Transmission of the sayings and actions of
Muhammad sallaAllahu ‘alaihi wasallam, and the
incidents where he sallaAllahu ‘alaihi wasallam gave
silent approval.
 And we have not sent down the book to you (o Muhammad)
except that you may explain clearly unto them those things in
which they differ, and a guidance and a mercy for a folk who
believe. (16:64)
 And obey the God and His messenger if you are believer.
(Al-Anfāl: 1)
 O you who believe, obey Allah and His messenger and do
not turn away from him and you listen (Al-Anfāl :20)
 Wama yanţiqu ‘anil hawa in hoa illa waHyun yōHa (Al-
Najam)
 Indeed in the messenger there is best example for you. (33:
21) (laqad kana lakum fi rasooli Allahi ’uswatun hasana)
• During the time of Muhammad sallaAllahu ‘alaihi wasallam
– Do not write what I say. Anyone who has written from me anything other
than the Qur’an , let him blot it out. You may speak about me and there is
no objection to that, but who attributes a lie to me deliberately should
prepare himself for a place in Hell.
• Some companions were allowed to write
– Abu Shah Al-Yamani
– ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr ibn Al-‘Aaas (Sahifa as-sadiqa)
– ‘Ali ibn Talib (blood money, release of war prisoners and (hadith to the
effect) that Muslim is not executed for killing a disbliever .
– Sa’d ibn. ‘Ubada
– Abdulla bin Abi Aufa
– Samura bin Jundab
– Jabir bin ‘Abd Allah (quoted ahadith mainly related to Hajj and complete
sermon of Hijjat al-wida’)
 Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr said, “I used to write
everything I heard from the Prophet wanting to
preserve it. The Quraysh then prohibited me from
doing so, saying, ‘Do you write down everything?
And the Prophet is human who speaks while
angry and pleased?’ So I refrained from writing
and then mentioned this to the Prophet. He
gestured to his mouth and said, ‘Write, by the one
in whose hand is my soul! Nothing emanates
from this except the truth.’
 A man came to Prophet SAW and complained about his
memory, saying: ‘O Messenger of Allah: We hear many
things from you. But most of them slip our minds because we
cannot memorize them’. Muhammad SAW replied: Seek
help from your right hand. Holy Prophet SAW meant that he
should write down what he heard.
 When Rafi‘ ibn Khadij asked Prophet SAW, whether they
could write what they heard from him, the answer came:
Write, no harm!
 Another sources quotes Prophet SAW advising: "Record
knowledge by writing."
• After death of Muhammad sallahAllahu ‘alaihi wasallam
– Mo’atta Imam Malik
– Sihah Sitta
• Sahih Bukhari
• Sahih Muslim
• Jmi’ Tirmizi
• Sunan Abi daood
• Sunan Ibn-e-Maja
• Sunan Nasaa’i
• Need of compilation of Hadīth.
– Fabrication
– Ballighō ‘ani walao aayah
 A hadīth is divided into two parts
› Sanad (chain of narrators of Hadīth)
› Matan (text of Hadīth)
 Hadīth is classified into the following categories

› According to reference to a particular authority
› According to links in the Isnād
› According to number of reporters involved in each stage
› According to the manner in which the Hadīth is reported
› According to the nature and matan of isnād
› According to the hidden defect found in the isnād or text of a hadīth
› According to the Defect found in the isnād and matan
› Reliability and memory of the reporters the final judgment depends
crucially on this factor
 Mutawatir
 Ahad
› Gharib
› Aziz
› Mash-hoor
 The hadith which is reported by such a large number of
people that they can not be expected to agree upon a lie,
all of them together
 Examples
› Five daily prayers, Fasting, Zakat, Hajj, Recitation of the
Qur’an
› Among verbal traditions following hadith is transmitted
by 62 companions and is widely known by the Muslims.
“whoever invents a lie and attributes it to me intentionally,
let him prepare his seat in the fire.”
 Ahad I s the hadith which is narrated by people
whose number does not reach that of the
Mutawatir case. Ahad is further classified into:
 Gharib
› The sanad where at any stage only one narrator is
found is called Gharib
› Example: “Travel is a peace of Punishment”
› SANAD: Malik- - - Yahta b. Abi Salih- - - Abu
Hurairah- - - Rasool Allah (S.A.W)
 Aziz
› If at any stage in the Sanad, only two reporters are found to narrate a
hadith, it is known as Aziz.
› Example: “None of you truly believes until I become more beloved to
him than his father, his son and all the people.”
› Sanad: Qatadah and Abdul Aziz b, Shu’aib, report this Hadeeth from
Anas and two more preporters narrate from each of them: Shu’bah and
Said report from Qatadah, and Isma’il b. Ulayyah and Abd al- Warith
from Abd al- Aziz, then a group of people repot from each of them (al-
San’ani, 2:455)
 Mash-hoor
› A hadith tha is repoted by more than two repoters is
known as Mash-hoor.
› According to some scholars every narrative that
comes to be known widely, whether or not it has an
authentic origin, is called Mash-hoor.
 Sahih
 Hasan
 Da’if
 Maudu’
 Sahih lighairihi
 Hasan lighairihi
 Following characteristics can be added to declare a Hadith as
Sahih
› All narrators should be of good character
› All narrators should be trustworthy in their religion
› They should be truthful in their saying
› Good memory and precision on the part of narrators with
regard to what they are narrating
› Continuous isnaad from beginning to end, meaning that
each narrator heard the hadith from the one before him.
› The hadith is free from any oddness in its isnaad or
text. What is meant by “odd” is anything in which the
narrator narrates something that contradicts the
narration of a sounder narrator.
› The hadith is free from faults in its isnaad and text. A
“fault” is a subtle problem that undermines the
soundness of the hadith, which can be detected only
by the well versed scholars of hadtih.
 Technical meaning
› A hadithwhic is like Sahih Hadith in all respects
except that some of its narrators are found to have
little defective memory. It is next to Sahih Hadith in
status.
› Example: Qutaiba narrates on the authority of Jafar
bin Suleman Az-Zabal, he on the authority of Abi
Bakar bin ABI Musa his father Al-Asha’ri who says
that he heard Rasulullah (S.A.W) saying: Jannat is
under the shadow of swords.”
 The hadith that does not fulfill the criteria of
hasan is Da’if. In this hadith there is some defect
either in chain of transmission or in proper
understanding of the transmitter, or its contents
are not in perfect agreement with Islamic beliefs
and practices.
 As the term applied to ahadit, the text of which
goes against the established norms of the
Prophet’s sayings (S.A.W) or its reporters include
a liar.
 The words or actions of Muhammad (S.A.W) and
not the speech of God as the Qur’an is.
 Not necessarily reported in their precise wording
as the Qur’an is.
 Not necessarily transmitted by tawātur, except in
some instances.
 In the Qur’an the precise wording is from Allah, while in the hadīth
qudsi the wording is given by the prophet Muhammad (S.A.W).
 The Qur’an has been brought to Muhammad salla allahu ‘alaihi
wasallam only by the Angel Jibril, while hadīth Qudsi may also
have been inspired otherwise, such as e.g. in a dream
 The Qur’an is inimitable and unique, but not so the hadīth qudsi.
 The Qur’an has been transmitted by the numerous persons,
(tawatur) but the hadith and hadith qudsi often only by a few or
even one individual . There are hadith qudsi which are sahih, but
also others hasan, or even da’if., while there is no doubt at all about
any aya from the Qur’an.

Importance, Compilation and Classification of Hadith

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 Literal meaning: new

 Hadīth is classified into the following categories

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