A Design & Implementation of Collision Avoidance System For Automobiles Using Embedded System
A Design & Implementation of Collision Avoidance System For Automobiles Using Embedded System
By
N.Suganya
D.Keerthi priya
EEE(III Year)
Need for this System
The industry strategy for automotive safety systems has been evolving over the last
20 years.
Initially, individual passive devices & features such as seatbelts, airbags, knee
bolsters, crush zones, etc. was developed for saving lives & minimizing injuries
when an accident occurs.
Now we are at the stage of actively avoiding accidents as well as providing max
protection to the vehicle occupants and even pedestrians.
Systems that are on the threshold of being deployed or under intense development
include collision avoidance systems.
Overview of CAS
In this dissertation, advanced ideas such as pre-crash sensing, ultrasonic sensor is use
to sense the object in front of the vehicle & gives the s/g to the micro controller unit.
Based on the signal received from the ultrasonic sensor, the micro controller unit
sends a s/g to the braking unit for applying the brake automatically as per braking &
throttle control logic fed in to the micro controller unit.
As per the design an ultrasonic distance measurement sensor has been proposed as
obstacle detecting sensor.
The inductive sensor, which gives the pulses to the Micro-Controller is the source fo
vehicle speed measurement.
Rotary potentiometers are used here as the pedal position sensor for both Accelerato
as well as brake
Overview
Overview of
of Embedded
Embedded System
System
The memory subsystem stores the instruction that controls the operation of the
system.
The name microprocessor is usually reserved for a chip that contains a powerful CPU that
has not been designed with any particular computation in mind.
These chips are usually the foundation of PC & high-end workstations. The most common
microprocessors are members of Motorola’s 68k-found in older Macintosh computer & the
ubiquitous 80X86 families.
Microcontroller typically include a CPU, memory & other peripherals in the integrated circuit.
Common eg are the 8051, Intel’s 80196 & Motorola’s 68HCxx series.
Hardware & Software Initialization
Working of CAS
Detection Sensors
Visual System
Ultrasonic Sensors
As per the design an ultrasonic distance measurement sensor has been proposed as
obstacle detecting sensor
The inductive sensor, which gives the pulses to the Micro-Controller is the source for
vehicle speed measurement
The Rotary potentiometers are used here as the pedal position sensor for both Accelerator
as well as Brake
The actuator proposed here is stepper motor for both throttle and brake control
Stepper motor can be rotate as steps so that we can achieve similar to the normal
operation of the throttle and brake pedals
Reaction Time & Stopping Distances
In our studies we investigated the effects of luminance, contrast & spatial frequency on
reaction time.
As expected, we found that visual reaction time increases with reducing target visibility.
Reaction time varied from 200 ms in optimal conditions, usually encountered during
daytime driving (i.e. high contrast, photonic luminance), to about 600 ms in non-optimal
conditions experienced during night driving (i.e. low luminance, low contrast)
The "thinking distance" is a component, which includes the visual reaction time, the pedal
response & the mechanical action of the brakes.
Stopping distance of the car will shorten as the mass increases due to friction effect.
Aerodynamics will affect the stopping dist because the more aerodynamic the object in this case,
the car has less air resistance.
The surface on which the car is to stop on will affect the stopping distance.
for example if the road surface is textured, it will require more energy from the car to overcome friction
Gravity would affect the friction between the car & the road therefore it increases the stopping distance
CONCLUSION
The sensors in the car would be capable of detecting the poor conditions & would inform
the driver on how to drive in them.
For example, because fog affects visibility, the sensors would recognize this & alert the
driver of any dangers that lie ahead, like a windy turn or another car, giving the driver
enough time to slow down, allowing him to escape from what could have been a
bad accident.
FUTURE WORK
J. Breckling, Ed., The Analysis of Directional Time Series: Applications to Wind Speed
and Direction, ser. Lecture Notes in Statistics. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 1989, vol. 61.
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