CHAPTER 5.
1
WELDING
DRAFTING
OBJECTIVES
Aftercompleting this chapter, you will be
able to;
Describe the different welding processes.
Identify and draw different welding joints.
Identify and draw different ANSI/AWS
weld symbols.
Identify and draw ANSI/AWS
supplementary weld symbols.
Create a welding drawing.
Identify welding joints.
INTRODUCTION
Welding is the process of fastening metal together by bringing
abutting surfaces to a molten state, with or without the use of
filler material.
Welding is used to fabricated metals together permanently in
structures and products.
Structures such as bridges and buildings have welded steel
components.
Parts for mechanical devices, such as automobiles and
aircraft, are also fabricated using welding.
Welding processes include arc welding, gas welding, and
resistance welding.
GAS & ARC WELDING
Gas welding is a thermal fastening process that uses a
mixture of flammable gas and oxygen, along with a filler
material, to melt and fuse abutting surfaces.
Arc welding is a fastening process that uses a filler
material and an electric arc to melt and fuse abutting
surfaces.
Gas and arc welding processes commonly use the back,
fillet, slot, or groove type of weld such as bevel, square,
J, U and V type.
RESISTANCE WELDING
Resistance welding is a fastening process that uses
heat and pressure to melt and fuse abutting surfaces.
No filler material is used to fasten the parts.
Spot , seam and flash welding processes are common
types of resistance welding techniques.
WELDING
DRAWINGS
Welding drawings are prints
that describe several pieces
that are welded together to
make the finished part.
This print shows where and
what type of welds are to made.
Welding symbols are used to
give weld information.
Usually a materials list with all
parts is included to make the
final object.
WELD DRAWING OF A BRACKET
Here you are shown a sample weld drawing of a bracket with
included weld symbols
WELD DRAWING OF A HOLDING
RING
Here you are shown a sample weld drawing of a holding
ring complete with dimension and weld symbols
WELDING
TERMINOLOGY
Leg
Face
Throat
Groove radius
Root opening (groove weld) is the space between the
pieces before welding
Root face
Groove angle
WELDING
TERMINOLOGY
(a) Fillet weld (b) Butt weld (Groove weld)
WELDING TERMINOLOGY
a) fillet weld
WELDING TERMINOLOGY
b) butt weld
BASIC SYMBOL
Welding symbols are used to communicate to the
fabricator the weld type, size, and location.
The weld symbol is made of the leader, reference line,
and tail.
Reference line
Tail
Leader
Tail of the symbol designates the welding specification,
procedures, or other information used to make the weld
WELD SYMBOLS
AWS and ANSI have standardized the weld symbols
used to describe weld on technical drawings.
The weld symbol is made of the leader, reference line,
and tail.
The eight basic parts to a complete weld symbol are as
follows;
1. Reference line 5. Weld symbol (type of
2. Leader line and arrow weld)
3. Basic weld symbol 6. Dimensions
(location/depth of weld) 7. Supplementary symbols
4. Finish symbol 8. Tail and specifications
AWS (AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY)
STANDARD WELD SYMBOLS
BASIC SYMBOLS FOR GAS
AND ARC WELDING
FILLET WELDS
Fillet weld is located at the internal corner of two parts.
Fillet weld symbol is a triangle, with the vertical side
always to the left.
GROOVE WELDS
The weld used on a butt joint.
Before being welded, the two pieces are spaced apart at
a distance called the root opening.
The square groove weld symbol is two vertical lines
attached to the reference line.
GROOVE WELDS
the weld used on a joint between one pieces that has a
square end and a second pieces that has a beveled angle.
The symbol is a vertical line and an angled line drawn
the right.
GROOVE WELDS
the weld used on a butt joint with beveled ends that form
a groove in the shape of a V.
The weld symbol is a V attached to the reference line.
GROOVE WELDS
the weld used on a butt joint between one piece that has
a square end and the other that has a J shape.
The symbol is a vertical line with an arc drawn to the right.
GROOVE WELDS
the weld used on a butt joint where the groove between
the two parts forms a U.
The weld symbol is a short vertical line with a semicircle
resting on top.
BASIC SYMBOLS FOR
RESISTANCE WELDING
a spot weld is generally used on sheet metal and is graphically
represented as a circle. If the spot weld is on both sides, then the
circle straddles the reference line..
a seam weld is a weld made between overlapping parts. A seam
weld is represented as a circle with two horizontal lines drawn
through it.
A spot welding process may be used on a seam and may be
designated in the tail as RSEW for resistance seam welding
LOCATION OF WELD SYMBOL WRT JOINT
Welds on the arrow side of the joint are shown by placing the weld symbol
below the reference line.
Welds on the other side of the joint are shown by placing the weld symbol
above the reference line.
Welds on both sides of the joint are shown by placing the weld symbol on
both sides of the reference line.
ORIENTATION OF SPECIFIC
WELD SYMBOLS
Fillet, bevel-groove , J-groove, flare-groove, corner-
flange welds symbols are drawn with the perpendicular
leg always to the left.
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
FIELD WELDS & ALL AROUND
WELDS
Field welds All around welds
Not made in the shop or Weld extending
at the place of initial completely around a joint is
construction indicated by a weld-all
around symbol placed at
the intersection of the
reference line and the arrow.
Small black flag symbol Not required for welds
is placed above and at right extending around the
angles to the reference line circumference of a pipe.
SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS
BACK AND BACKING WELDS
Back or backing weld symbols are used to indicate bead-
type back or backing welds of singe-groove welds
The back weld is made after the groove weld
The backing weld is made before the groove weld
APPLICATION OF BACK AND BACKING
WELD SYMBOLS
OTHER BASIC WELDING SYMBOLS
AND THEIR LOCATION SIGNIFICANCE
Plug
Slot
Spot
Seam
Surface
Flanged
Stud
WELDING APPLICATION : WELDED TRUSS
WELDING DRAWINGS
33
Pulley housing made by casting (A) and by welding (B)
WELDING DRAWINGS
COMPARISON OF A CAST SHAFT SUPPORT WITH A
WELDED STEEL SHAFT SUPPORT
WELDING TEMPLATES
Welding templates can be used to draw weld symbols
and using such templates is the recommended practice
when creating welding drawings using traditional tools.
A typical welding template will contain the weld symbols,
as well as openings to draw the reference line, with the
arrow and tail.
WELD SYMBOLS AND CAD
CAD is a very efficient method of creating welding drawings.
Most CAD systems can automatically create leaders lines
for the weld symbol.
A parametric program can be created that prompts the user
to specify the type of weld symbol, dimensions, root
opening, and other information.
The user then specifies the location of the arrow, and the
weld symbols is automatically created.
SUMMARY
Welding drawings are a special type of technical drawing
that describes how parts are fabricated.
A welding drawing uses standard graphic symbols to
describe to the welder how to joint two materials.
Weld symbol are drawn with hand tools, a template, or
CAD.
