ATP.
Lecture 2
Basic Switch
Setup
1
Objectives
1. Describe out-of-band
management. Navigate the HP
ProVision and Comware
command line interfaces
(CLIs).
2. Verify your configuration
settings.
2
Basic Switch
Setup
1. Describe out-of-band management.
Navigate the HP ProVision and Comware
command line interfaces (CLIs)
3
Out-of-band management
When you initially configure a switch, you
will typically use out-of-band management.
For out-of-band management, you must
have physical access to the switch.
You connect your management station to the
switch’s console port using the serial cable
that ships with the switch. This connection is
dedicated to the management session. Out-
of-band management does not require the
switch to have network connectivity.
4
Out-of-band management
HP ProVision switches have one console
port.
Comware switches have an auxiliary (aux)
port, which is used for console access.
Comware routers use the console (con) port
for their default console access, but most of
the Comware routers also support an
additional auxiliary port for a secondary
CLI access. This could optionally be used for
dial-in access.
5
Out-of-band management
To open a management session with the switch and access the
CLI, you use terminal software such as Tera Term or PuTTY,
which are available as freeware, or Microsoft HyperTerminal,
which is available free from Microsoft.
6
Out-of-band management
The
switches
use
default
settings
for the
terminal
emulation
software:
7
ProVision CLI contexts
Operator level
Manager level
8
ProVision CLI contexts
The ProVision switch CLI is organized into different contexts or levels.
You can determine your current context from the switch prompt.
These contexts are described in more depth below.
The > symbol in the switch prompt indicates you are at the basic
level (operator level). At this level you can view statistics and
configuration information.
To move to the enable context (manager level), enter enable.
The # symbol in the switch prompt appears at the enable context
(manager level). From this context, you can view additional
information about the switch and begin configuring the switch.
9
ProVision CLI contexts
To move to the global configuration context, enter config.
The word “(config)” in the switch prompt indicates you are at the global
configuration context. At this context, you can make configuration
changes to the system’s software features.
From the global configuration context, you can access other command
contexts by entering the appropriate commands. In the switch prompt,
<context> will be replaced with a context such as VLAN, a routing
protocol such as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), or port contexts:
10
ProVision CLI contexts
Context CLI Prompt Description
Basic View a limited number of statistics
(operator level) and configuration settings.
Enable Begin switch configuration (such
(manager level) as updating system software).
Global Make configuration changes to the
configuration system’s software features.
Other command Make configuration changes
contexts within a specific context, such as to
a VLAN, one or more ports, or
routing protocols.
11
Comware CLI views (contexts)
12
Comware CLI views (contexts)
The Comware switch CLI is divided into views, which are similar in
concept to the ProVision contexts. Each Comware view has a set of
related commands. As with the ProVision CLI, the Comware switch
prompt indicates your current view:
In the user view, the system name is enclosed in angle brackets
(< >). In the user view, you can view settings, troubleshoot system
problems, and manage files.
You can move to the system view by entering the command:
13
Comware CLI views (contexts)
In the system view, the system name is enclosed in square
brackets ([ ]). In this view, you can make configuration changes
to the switch’ software. You can also access other command
views.
You can return to the user view by entering quit.
Other command views allow you to configure interfaces, VLANs,
and switch features such as routing protocols, access control lists
(ACLs), and so on.
To exit a specific view and return to the system view, enter quit.
After returning to the system view, you can return to the user
view by pressing [Ctrl]+[Z].
14
Comware CLI views (contexts)
15
Help keys
Both ProVision and Comware CLIs provide help keys. You can use these help
keys to find the appropriate command to complete a particular task or to help
you complete a command. Note that, if you enter a string and ? without a space,
you see commands that start with those letters. If you enter a command and ?
after a space, you see options for that command.
16
Practice using CLI help commands
• Commands available at
Help a certain context in the
command CLI
• Commands that begin
s can with a certain character
provide string
you with • Keywords associated
a list of: with a particular
command.
17
HP ProVision switches help commands
To see which commands are available at the enable
context (ProVision#) in the ProVision CLI, enter the ?
command: ProVision# ?
Some • show, which enables you to examine
important current configuration parameters
commands • copy, which enables you to back up
available at the the switch configuration
enable context • ping and traceroute, which are
include: connectivity test tools
To list the parameters available for the show command,
enter: ProVision# show ?
18
HP Comware switches help commands
Use the “(?)” command to display the commands
available at the user view (<Comware>) in the Comware
CLI: <Comware> ?
Some • display, which enables you to examine
important current configuration parameters
commands • save, which enables you to back up a
available at switch configuration
• ping and traceroute, which are
this level
connectivity test tools
include:
To list the parameters available for the display command,
enter: <Comware> display ?
19
Completing basic configuration tasks
Now that you
have a basic • Return HP Comware and HP
understanding ProVision switches to factory
of the ProVision default settings
and Comware • Configure a hostname on
CLI, you will ProVision switches and a
learn more sysname on Comware
about how to
use the CLI to
switches
complete the • Disable and enable interfaces
following • Use CLI help commands to
common navigate the CLI and enter
management commands
tasks:
20
Return HP ProVision switches to factory
default settings
To determine if the HP ProVision switch is at factory default
settings, enter command:
Switch# show running-config
If the switch is at factory default settings, you should see output
similar to the following:
21
Return HP ProVision switches to factory
default settings
If the output you see matches what is displayed above, the
switch is already at factory default settings.
If the output includes other commands, however, you can
return the ProVision switch to factory default settings
using the following command:
ProVision# erase startup-config
During the process of returning the switch to factory
default settings, you will be prompted to confirm that you
want to reboot the switch; press y. The switch will be
rebooted.
22
Return HP Comware switches to factory
default settings
To determine if the Comware switch is at factory default settings, enter
the command:
[Comware] display current-configuration
If the switch is at factory default settings, you should see output similar
to the following:
HP> display current-configuration #domain system
version 5.20, Release 1211P09 access-limit disable
#sysname HP state active
#irf mac-address persistent timer idle-cut disable
irf auto-update enable self-service-url disable
undo irf link-delay #user-group system
#domain default enable system #interface NULL0
#telnet server enable #interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
#vlan 1 <-output omitted->
#radius scheme system interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/28
server-type extended #load xml-configuration
primary authentication 127.0.0.1 1645 #user-interface aux 0
primary accounting 127.0.0.1 1646 user-interface vty 0 15
user-name-format without-domain #return
23
Return HP Comware switches to factory
default settings
If the Comware switch is not running the default
configuration, you can return it to factory default settings
by entering:
When the following prompt is displayed, press y and then
<Enter>.
24
Return HP Comware switches to factory
default settings
You then need to reboot the switch, using the reboot command as
shown below. If a prompt is displayed, asking if you want to save
the current configuration, press n and then press <Enter>. When
prompted to continue the reboot, press y and then <Enter>.
25
Basic Switch
Setup
3. Verify your configuration
settings
26
Configure a hostname or sysname
HP ProVision switches
To configure a hostname on a ProVision switch, simply access the global
configuration mode by typing configure at the switch prompt. Then you
can enter hostname [name] to make your changes. For example, if you
wanted to assign a ProVision switch the hostname ProVision-1, you would
enter:
HP Comware switches
Custom names for Comware switches are called system names, or
sysname. To assign a system name, first access the system view. From
there, enter the sysname [name] command. If you wanted to assign the
switch a sysname of Comware-1, you would enter:
27
Disable and enable interfaces
By default, all interfaces on
ProVision and Comware switches
are enabled.
You may want to disable all unused
ports. Disabling ports can
strengthen security, preventing
anyone from connecting
unauthorized devices to the
network. It can also help prevent
Layer 2 loops. 28
Accessing HP ProVision switch interfaces
You can configure settings on a range of interfaces at the same time:
ProVision(config)# interface 1,3-6
If you entered the command above, the prompt would reflect these interfaces:
ProVision(eth-1,3-6)#
29
Disable and enable interfaces HP ProVision switches
To disable ports - for example, ports 2 to 18 and
ports 20 to 26 - on a ProVision switch, enter the
following command:
If you enter this command on a switch that has a
total of 26 ports, only interfaces 1 and 19 will be
enabled.
To enable an interface, enter the following command:
30
Disable and enable interfaces HP ProVision switches
To check which interfaces are disabled or enabled on a
Provision switch, enter the following command:
The output you see will look similar to the following:
31
Disable and enable interfaces HP ProVision switches
You may also want to add descriptions to interfaces
so that you can remember how they are used. For
example, you can enter a description that indicates
the device to which the interface is connected. In the
example that follows, the description indicates
interface 1 is connected to a server and interface 19 is
connected to a switch with the sysname Comware-1:
32
Accessing HP Comware switch interfaces
To access an interface context on Comware switches, you use the
following command:
The <Type> option refers to the Data Link Layer type, such as
GigabitEthernet or Ten-GigabitEthernet. For example,
GigabitEthernet can be represented as g, and Ten-GigabitEthernet can
be represented as ten.
You replace <slot_#> with the slot in which the module or the card is
installed. For both modular and fixed port switches, <slot_#> begins at 1
on the switch and <sub_slot> begins at 0. The ports are numbered from
1 to the maximum number of ports supported on that switch.
For example, interface g1/0/1
- indicates the port is Gigabit Ethernet port, and it is the first
port on module 1.
33
Creating a range of interfaces on HP
Comware switches
When you define the interface range, you specify the range of interfaces
that belong to it, and you can also give the interface range a name. For
example, you can enter:
You can then configure settings on all of the interfaces at once. The
interface range persists in the device configuration. You can access it
again by specifying the range name. For example:
You can then configure additional settings on the interfaces that you
previously defined in this range.
34
Creating a port group on HP Comware
switches
Comware switches support another way of defining
settings on multiple physical interfaces at once: manual
port groups. Manual port groups are available in older
versions of software. You define a manual port group by
name. You then add interfaces to the group. For example:
The port group does not persist in the config. If you want to
configure settings on a range of interfaces again, you must
create the port group again.
35
Disable and enable interfaces HP Comware switches
To disable all unused ports on a switch, you may want to first
create a port group and add all unused ports into the group.
Once all the unused ports are in the group, you can shut down
the ports and return to the system-view. For example, if you
wanted to disable all 1 GB and 10 GB ports to the group, called
myports, you would enter:
If you wanted to disable just one port, you would enter:
36
Disable and enable interfaces HP Comware switches
To check which interfaces are disabled or enabled on a Comware
switch, enter the following command:
The output should be similar to the following:
37
Disable and enable interfaces HP Comware switches
To enable ports, enter
the undo shutdown
command at the
appropriate interface
context.
When you enable
ports, you may want to
add descriptions to
help you remember
how the port is being
used. For example, if
you wanted to enable
port g1/0/19, you might
enter the following
description:
38
Save configuration settings
HP ProVision switches
To save the configuration on a ProVision switch, enter the following
command: ProVision(config)# write memory
HP Comware switches
To save the configuration on a Comware switch, enter:
[Comware] save
When prompted if you are sure you want to save the config, press y. When
prompted to input a filename, accept the default and press <Enter>.
39
View commands previously executed on the switch
HP ProVision switches
On a ProVision switch, enter: ProVision-1# show history. You will see output similar to the
following:
HP Comware switches
On a Comware switch, enter: [Comware-1] display history. You will see output such as:
40
Configuring IP addresses on HP ProVision switches
To manually configure an IP address on a
ProVision switch, first access the session. You
can access the global configuration mode
context, move to the desired VLAN context, and
assign that VLAN an IP address. The following
commands, for example, assign VLAN 1 the IP
address 10.1.1.3 255.255.255.0.
41
Configuring IP addresses on HP ProVision switches
To verify the configuration, you enter:
The output will look similar to the following:
42
Using DHCP to assign IP address on ProVision switches
Rather than manually assigning the VLAN interface on a ProVision switch,
you can use a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server to
assign the interface an IP address. By default, ProVision switches are
configured to accept an IP address from a DHCP server for VLAN 1, which
you might have noticed when reviewing the default configuration:
43
Using DHCP to assign IP address on ProVision switches
When a ProVision switch that still has this default setting for VLAN
1 is booted, it immediately begins sending DHCP request packets on
the network. You can configure your DHCP server to send switches
an IP address (using the DHCP offer packet). This process is
illustrated in Figure.
44
Configuring IP addresses on HP Comware switches
To configure an IP address on a Comware switch, you move to
the system view, then to the view for the appropriate VLAN
interface, and enter the IP address command. In the following
example, VLAN 1 is assigned IP address 10.1.1.1 with a 24-bit
mask.
To verify the configuration, enter the display this command. You
can use this command at any CLI context to display the
commands that apply to that particular context.
45
Configuring IP addresses on HP Comware switches
The output should look similar to the following:
You can also verify the VLAN interface is up, using the
following command:
46
Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP)
In a heterogeneous network, devices from different vendors need to be able
to discover one another and exchange configuration information. To enable
this exchange of information, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
defined LLDP in IEEE 802.1AB. The protocol operates at the Data Link
layer, enabling directly connected devices to exchange information.
With LLDP, devices exchange local device information such as its major
functions, management IP address, device ID, and port ID.
Each device sends this information as type, length, and value (TLV) in LLDP
data units (LLDPDUs) to directly connected devices.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) programs can use the LLDP
information stored in MIBs to quickly detect Layer 2 network topology
changes and identify each change.
47
Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP)
All current HP ProVision switches, Comware switches,
Comware routers, and access points support LLDP.
48
To verify Layer-2 connectivity on a switch, you can examine its
LLDP table. On a ProVision switch, you can list the LLDP
neighbors by entering:
You should see output similar to the following:
21
49
Verify connectivity HP ProVision switches
You can also view more detailed information about the switch
connected to a specific port, in this case port 21, by entering:
50
Verify connectivity HP ProVision switches
If you want to examine the ARP table on the ProVision switch, use
the show arp command. As the example output below shows, the
ARP table displays the device, its IP address, and its MAC address.
51
Verify connectivity HP Comware switches
To use the LLDP table to verify Layer-2 connectivity on
Comware switches, enter:
In the example output below, you see ProVision-1 and
Comware-2 as LLDP neighbors.
52
Verify connectivity HP Comware switches
To view detailed information about a switch connected to a
particular port (g1/0/21 in this case), enter:
53
Verify connectivity HP Comware switches
Notice that in the detailed information, you can see the
hostname and management IP address.
54
Verify connectivity HP Comware switches
To examine the ARP table on a Comware switch, use the
display arp command. You will see output similar to the
following:
55
To verify that a switch can ping other devices
HP ProVision switches
To verify that a ProVision switch can ping other devices, use
the ping command. For example, you might want to see if the
ProVision switch can reach another switch that has the IP
address 10.1.1.2.
ProVision# ping 10.1.1.2
HP Comware switches
Return to the Comware CLI and verify it can ping its
neighbors.
<Comware> ping 10.1.1.2
56
Спасибо
за внимание!
57
