Scribd
Upload
201 views14 pages

T-Test For Independent Groups

This document discusses independent and paired t-tests. The independent t-test is used to compare the means of two independent groups on a single dependent variable, with only two levels of the independent variable. The paired t-test is used when subjects are measured on the same dependent variable under two different conditions, to see if there are significant differences in the means. Both tests assume normally distributed data and homogeneity of variance. Examples are provided of research questions, hypotheses, and how to set up the analyses in SPSS.

Uploaded by

JM Maguigad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
201 views14 pages

T-Test For Independent Groups

This document discusses independent and paired t-tests. The independent t-test is used to compare the means of two independent groups on a single dependent variable, with only two levels of the independent variable. The paired t-test is used when subjects are measured on the same dependent variable under two different conditions, to see if there are significant differences in the means. Both tests assume normally distributed data and homogeneity of variance. Examples are provided of research questions, hypotheses, and how to set up the analyses in SPSS.

Uploaded by

JM Maguigad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

T-Test for Independent Groups

Aim  The independent t-test is used for testing the differences between the
means of two independent groups.

 It is particularly useful when the research question requires the


comparison of variables (measured at least at the ordinal level)
obtained from two independent samples.
RESEARCH QUESTION
“Do males and females differ in performance on a standardized achievement test?”

NULL HYPOTHESIS
“There is no significant difference on a standardized achievement test
between males and females?”

ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
“There is a significant difference on a standardized achievement test between
males and females?”
RESEARCH QUESTION
“What is the effect of drug vs. no drug on rats’ maze-learning behavior?”

NULL HYPOTHESIS

“There is no significant difference on rats’ maze-learning behavior when they are


given drugs and no drugs ”
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

“There is a significant difference on rats’ maze-learning behavior when they are


given drugs and no drugs ”
RESEARCH QUESTION
“Does the recidivism rate of juvenile offenders who are provided
with father figures differ from those without father figures?”

NULL HYPOTHESIS

ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
Requirements

Only one independent (grouping) variable (IV) (e.g., subject’s gender)

Only two levels for that IV (e.g., male and female)

Only one dependent variable (DV)


Assumption

 The sampling distribution of differences between means is normally


distributed.

 Homogeneity of variance.
Assumption
A researcher wants to investigate whether first-year male and female students at a university
differ in their memory abilities. Ten students of each group were randomly selected from the
first-year enrolment roll to serve as subjects. All 20 subjects were read 30 unrelated words and
then asked to recall as many of the words as possible. The numbers of words correctly recalled
by each subject were recorded.

t-test for independent samples


HYPOTHESIS TESTING

PROBLEM: Is there a significance difference in the memory abilities of first


year male and females in a University?

Ho: There is no significance difference in the memory abilities of first year


male and females in a University?

Ha: There is a significance difference in the memory abilities of first year


male and females in a University?

Level of Significance: ɑ = 5%
SPSS Output

tests the hypothesis that the


two
population variances are
equal
Paired-Samples T-Test or T-test for Dependent Samples

 used in repeated measures or correlated groups design, in


Aim which each subject is tested twice on the same variable

 used for the matched group design in which pairs of subjects that are
matched on one or more characteristics (e.g., IQ, grades, and so forth)
serve in the two conditions
Requirements

there must be only two sets of data

The two sets of data must be obtained from (1) the same
subjects or (2) from two matched groups of subjects.
Assumptions

The sampling distribution of the means


should be normally distributed.

The sampling distribution of the difference


scores should be normally distributed.
Example
A researcher designed an experiment to test the effect of drug X on eating behavior. The amount
of food eaten by a group of rats in a one-week period prior to ingesting drug X was recorded.
The rats were then given drug X, and the amount of food eaten in a one-week period was again
recorded. The following amounts of food in grams were eaten during the “before” and“after”
conditions.

T-test for paired sample


SPSS Output

You might also like