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    Multistage, CC, and CB Amplifiers

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    Multistage, CC, and CB Amplifiers

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    Chapter_09

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    79 views25 pages

    Multistage, CC, and CB Amplifiers

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    of 25

    Multistage, CC,

    and CB Amplifiers

    Chapter 9
    Topics Covered in Chapter 9
    • Multistage Amplifier
    • Two-Stage Feedback
    • CC Amplifier
    • Cascading CE and CE Amplifiers
    • CB Amplifier
    • Darlington Connection
    • Voltage Regulation

    Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.


    Multistage Amplifiers
    • When two or more amplifier stages can be
    connected together, they are referred to
    as “cascaded.”
    • When two CE amplifiers are cascaded,
    the output is in-phase with the input.
    • The overall voltage gain of a multistage
    amplifier is the product of the stages.
    Multistage Amplifiers

    vin = 1Vp vout = 100Vp

    v out 100VP
    AV    100
    v in 1VP
    A V  AV 1 x AV 2  10 x 10  100
    Multistage Amplifiers
    Multistage Amplifiers
    Multistage Amplifiers
    • zout of stage 1 includes the zin of stage 2.

    • zout(stage 1) =R3 || R5 || R6 || βr’e


    Two-Stage Feedback
    rf
    AV   1
    re
    rf
    1
    re
    rf
    AV 
    re
    Common Collector Amplifier
    • Sometimes called an emitter follower.
    • The collector is at ac ground.
    • The voltage gain is less than 1 (stable).
    • The output signal is in-phase with the
    input.
    • High zin
    • Low distortion
    Common Collector Amplifier
    Common Collector Amplifier
    Cascading CE and CC Amplifiers
    • Direct Coupled
    • “Buffer” between a high
    zout and a small RL.
    • Load appears as β x RL.
    Common Base Amplifier
    • The base is at ac ground.
    • The input drives the emitter and the output is
    taken from the collector.
    • No current gain but it has a high voltage gain.
    • Low zin
    • High zout
    • Typically used in high frequency applications.
    Common Base Amplifier
    Ideal Transistor Approximations
    CE CC CB
    Av rC/r’e 1 rC/r’e
    Ai β β 1
    zin(base) βr’e β(r’e+re) r’e
    zout rC r’e rC
    Darlington Pair
    • A Darlington pair refers to two transistors
    connected with the emitter of the first
    transistor connected directly to the base
    of the second transistor.
    • The overall gain is equal to the product
    of the individual current gains.
    Darlington Pair
    The two transistors are
    typically packaged
    together.

      1x  2
    Darlington Pair
    • Typically used in low frequency applications
    where high current and high input impedance
    are required.
    – Power Supplies
    – Audio Amplifiers
    – Light Sensors (photo-darlington)
    – Used with TTL logic to drive high current loads
    (LEDs , solenoids…).
    Zener Follower Voltage Regulation

    • Zener Follower
    – A zener diode is used in an emitter follower
    circuit.
    – Provides a large load current while keeping
    the output voltage stable.
    – The zener current is much smaller than the
    load current.
    Zener Follower Voltage Regulation

    Vout VZ VBE


    Iout   IB
    RZ
    zout  r 
    '
    e

    Two-Transistor Voltage Regulator
    • Consists of two transistors and a zener
    diode.
    • The output voltage is regulated through
    the use of amplified feedback voltage.
    Two-Transistor Voltage Regulator
    R3  R4
    Vout   VZ VBE 
    R4
    Voltage Regulation
    • A circuit within the voltage regulator
    compares the actual output voltage to an
    internal fixed reference voltage.
    • The difference is amplified and is used to
    adjust the output so as to reduce the
    voltage error (negative feedback).
    • Can be “fixed” or adjustable.
    Voltage Regulation
    • An example of a “Fixed” voltage regulator.

    7 to 25 V input voltage = 5 Vout, 1 A


    Voltage Regulation
    • An example of an “Adjustable” voltage
    regulator.

    4.2 to 40V input = 1.2 to 37 Vout, 15 A

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