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Relativity For B.Tech 2021

This document contains a syllabus for a Physics I course at Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University in New Delhi, India. It outlines the evaluation scheme, including assignments, exams, and grading. It also lists a recommended textbook: Concept of Modern Physics by Arthur Beiser. The syllabus covers the theory of relativity, including an introduction that discusses how it revolutionized classical physics concepts of motion and reference frames.

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363 views51 pages

Relativity For B.Tech 2021

This document contains a syllabus for a Physics I course at Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University in New Delhi, India. It outlines the evaluation scheme, including assignments, exams, and grading. It also lists a recommended textbook: Concept of Modern Physics by Arthur Beiser. The syllabus covers the theory of relativity, including an introduction that discusses how it revolutionized classical physics concepts of motion and reference frames.

Uploaded by

anurag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit-III

Theory of Relativity

Dr. Rajesh Kumar


Associate Professor of Physics
University School of Basic & Applied Sciences
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University,
New Delhi-110078, India
Syllabus
University School of Basic & Applied Sciences
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University,
New Delhi-110078, India

Evaluation Scheme 2020-2021 for Physics-I


First Year:
B.Tech. Ist Semester:
Paper Code: BA-111
 Total Marks: 100
Internal Examination: 25 Marks

20 Marks for Minor Exam (Theory): Concerned Teacher/Teacher’s

05 Marks for Internal Assessment: Assignments, Attendance etc.

End Term/Final/External Examination: 75 Marks


Recommended Book:

 Concept of Modern Physics

by

Arthur Beiser
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Albert Einstein
perhaps the most famous scientist of all time
He was born on the 14th of March 1879 and died on the 18th
of April 1955. Born in Germany to a Jewish family.

He worked in a patent office evaluating patents for


electromagnetic devices not long after he graduated.
He produced perhaps one of the most famous equations ever:
E = mc²
 He won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on
theoretical physics.

His famous quote:"I am enough of an artist to draw freely


upon my imagination. Imagination is more important than
knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles
the world."
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Introduction
The first theory in Physics was mechanics developed by Newton and so is called
classical or Newtonian mechanics.

Actually, the Physics developed before the beginning of 20th Century is called
classical Physics.

The development of ‘Theory of Relativity’ by Einstein in 1905 revolutionized the


old concepts.

It discards the absolute motion through space and deals with objects or observer
moving with relative velocities w.r.t. each other. This theory is divided into two
parts.

1.Special Theory 2. General Theory

The Special Theory of Relativity deals with objects and systems which are either
moving at a constant speed with respect to one another or are at rest.

The General Theory of Relativity deals with objects or system which are
speeding up or slowing down with respect to one another.
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Every thing in the universe is
relative, nothing is absolute

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FRAME OF REFERENCE
A System of Coordinate axes which define the position of a particle in two or three
dimensional space is known as frame of reference.
OR
In each case “ A frame of reference is part of description of motion. To say that
something is moving always implies a specific frame of reference.

Example: A passenger moves relative to an airplane the airplane moves relative to


earth, the earth moves relative to Sun, Sun moves relative the galaxy of stars of
which it is a member, and so on.

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The Inverse Relations
Step 1. Replace by
Step 2. Replace “primed” quantities with
“unprimed” and “unprimed” with “primed.”

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The Two (modern)Theories of
Relativity
Special Relativity (1905)
– Inertial (unaccelerated)Reference frames only

General Relativity(1915)
– Non inertial reference frames (accelerating frames )
– Still at an under developed stage

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In order to transform measurements from S’ to S,
the inverse Lorentz transformation equations are:

x' vt '
x
v2
1 2
c
y  y' z  z'
'
vx
t ' 2
t  c
v2
1 2
c
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