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    Hiv/Aids: Submitted By

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    421Karanbir Kaur
    This document provides information about HIV/AIDS, including: 1) It defines HIV as a virus that attacks immune cells, making a person vulnerable to other infections and diseases. AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection when the immune system is severely damaged. 2) HIV is transmitted through unprotected sex, sharing needles, occupational exposure, and from infected blood or during pregnancy/childbirth. It is not spread through casual contact. 3) Clinical stages of HIV progression include asymptomatic infection, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, weight loss and recurrent infections as immune function declines. Late stage AIDS involves life-threatening opportunistic infections. 4) Treatment involves antiretroviral therapy to suppress HIV

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    Hiv/Aids: Submitted By

    Uploaded by

    421Karanbir Kaur
    42 views32 pages
    This document provides information about HIV/AIDS, including: 1) It defines HIV as a virus that attacks immune cells, making a person vulnerable to other infections and diseases. AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection when the immune system is severely damaged. 2) HIV is transmitted through unprotected sex, sharing needles, occupational exposure, and from infected blood or during pregnancy/childbirth. It is not spread through casual contact. 3) Clinical stages of HIV progression include asymptomatic infection, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, weight loss and recurrent infections as immune function declines. Late stage AIDS involves life-threatening opportunistic infections. 4) Treatment involves antiretroviral therapy to suppress HIV

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    This document provides information about HIV/AIDS, including: 1) It defines HIV as a virus that attacks immune cells, making a person vulnerable to other infections and diseases. AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection when the immune system is severely damaged. 2) HIV is transmitted through unprotected sex, sharing needles, occupational exposure, and from infected blood or during pregnancy/childbirth. It is not spread through casual contact. 3) Clinical stages of HIV progression include asymptomatic infection, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, weight loss and recurrent infections as immune function declines. Late stage AIDS involves life-threatening opportunistic infections. 4) Treatment involves antiretroviral therapy to suppress HIV

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    42 views32 pages

    Hiv/Aids: Submitted By

    Uploaded by

    421Karanbir Kaur
    This document provides information about HIV/AIDS, including: 1) It defines HIV as a virus that attacks immune cells, making a person vulnerable to other infections and diseases. AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection when the immune system is severely damaged. 2) HIV is transmitted through unprotected sex, sharing needles, occupational exposure, and from infected blood or during pregnancy/childbirth. It is not spread through casual contact. 3) Clinical stages of HIV progression include asymptomatic infection, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, weight loss and recurrent infections as immune function declines. Late stage AIDS involves life-threatening opportunistic infections. 4) Treatment involves antiretroviral therapy to suppress HIV

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    of 32

    HIV/AIDS

    SUBMITTED BY :-
    JASKOMALDEEP KAUR
    M.SC 1ST YEAR
    (MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING)
    TERMS RELATED TO HIV/AIDS

    WINDOW WASTING PNEUMOCYSTIS KAPOSI


    PERIOD SYNDROME PNEUMONIA SARCOMA

    ENCEPHLOPAT ULCERATIVE
    PYOMYOSITIS
    HY STOMATITIS
    HIV /AIDS
    • IMMUNE SYSTEM
    Immune system protects and defends the body from
    infections. White blood cells are the most important part,
    which fight and destroys bacteria, fungi, viruses that
    enter the body
    DEFINITION OF HIV /AIDS

    • H= HUMAN
    • I = IMMUNODEFICIENCY
    • V= VIRUS
    WHAT IS AIDS

    • A= AQUIRED
    • I= IMMUNE
    • D= DEFICIENCY
    • S= SYNDROME
    DEFINITION OF HIV AND AIDS

    • HIV is a virus that attacks cells that helps


    the body to fight infection, making a person
    more vulnerable to other infections and disease.

    • AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection


    that occurs when the body immune system
    is badly disturbed because of virus.
    DIFFENCES BETWEEN HIV AND AIDS

    HIV AIDS
    o It stands for human o It stands for acquired
    immunodeficiency virus. immunodeficiency
    o It is a virus. syndrome.
    o Virus invades the immunity o It is a condition
    system. o It is later stage of infection
    caused by HIV
    HOW HIV IS TRANSMITTED

    UNPROTECTED SHARING OCCUPATIONA


    SEX NEEDLES L EXPOSURE

    INFECTED DURING
    BLOOD PREGNANCY
    HOW HIV IS NOT TRANMITTED

     Kissing
     Hugging
     Swimming
     Sharing
     Cooking
     Insect bites
    WHY ARE WOMEN AT HIGHER RISK FOR
    INFECTION ?

    • Large amount of mucosal surface rea in the vagina


    • When they are young –because of an immature
    genital contact.
    • When they have STI.
    RISK FACTORS

    • Transplant procedures
    • Occupational
    • Tattoo
    • IDU( INJECTION DRUG USERS)
    • Poverty
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
    Due to etiological factor
    Invasion of virus
    The distribution of HIV in human body
    Parasites in different human cells , tissues
    Dysfunction of human immune systems
    Emergence of AIDS symptoms
    Human mortalities
    CLINICAL MENIFESTATIONS

    CLINICA
    CLINICAL L STAGE
    STAGE 1 2

    CLINICAL CLINICAL
    STAGE 3 STAGE 4
    CLINICAL STAGE 1

    1) Asymptomatic

    2)
    lymphadenopathy
    CLINICAL STAGE 2

    Unexplained weight loss


    Recurrent respiratory
    tract infections
    recurrent oral
    ulceration
    Dermatitis

    Fungal nail infections


    CLINICAL STAGE 3

    Bacterial
    Unexplaine Pulmonary Ulcerative
    Chronic Persistent Oral tuberculosi
    infection Unexplaine
    d severe (pyomyosit stomatitis
    diarrhea fever candidiasis s d anemia
    weight loss is)
    CLINICAL STAGE 4
    • Wasting syndrome
    • Pneumocystis pneumonia
    • Extra pulmonary tuberculosis
    • KAPOSI SARCOMA
    • HIV encephalopathy
    • Meningitis
    • Cervical carcinoma
    • Nephropathy and cardiomyopathy
    DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION

    HIV HIV
    antibody antigen
    test test
    HIV ANTIBODY TEST

    1) ELISA TEST 2) WESTERN BLOT


    HIV ANTIGEN TEST

    DNA
    P24 ANTIGEN PCR(Polymerase
    chain reaction)
    Other lab tests
    Total
    leukocyte IgG and T cell
    and Ig A subset
    lymphocyte
    count level assays

    Platelet Lymph
    count node
    biopsy
    COMPLICATIONS

    • AIDS wasting syndrome


    • HIV Associated neurocognitive disorder
    • Cancer
    • Opportunistic infections
    TREATMENT(pharmacological
    management)
    (HAART THERAPY)
    The classes of anti viral drugs include;-
    NON NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
    Doravirine, Rilpivirine
    NUCLEOSIDE AND NUCLETIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS
    Tenofovir, zidovudine
    PROTEASE INHIBITORS
    Lopanavir
    CONTINUED..
    • FUSION INHIBITORS
    Enfuviride
    INTEGRASE INHIBITOR
    dolutegravir
    NON PHARMACOLOGICAL
    MANAGEMENT
    • Patient education
    • Lifestyle modifications
    • Take rest diet rich in proteins and vitamins
    • Smoking cessation
    • Alcohol cessation
    • Regular exercise or yoga
    NURSING ASSESSMENT

    • History collection
    • Review patient present complications
    • Assess patient knowledge about HIV
    • Evaluate nutritional pattern
    • Assess respiratory rate general health status
    • Check for lesions, ask for bowel pattern
    • Check orientation
    NURSING DIAGNOSIS

    • Ineffective breathing pattern


    • Pain
    • Hyperthermia
    • Risk of infection
    • Imbalanced nutrition
    • Diarrhea
    • confusion
    CONTINUED..

    • Fatigue
    • Fear of infection progression
    • Disturbed body image
    • Hopelessness
    PREVENTION

    USE TREATMENT
    AS PREVENTION

    EDUCATION (SEX)

    IMMIGRATION
    REGULATION

    USE CONDOM

    USE OF CLEAN
    NEEDLE
    WHAT NURSE CAN DO
    1)Counsel on safe sex practices
    2)Healthy life style practices
    • Food nutrition
    • Oral hygiene
    • Personal hygiene
    • Food hygiene
    • Exercise
    CONTINUED…

    3) Educate on HIV disease progression


    4) Family planning options
    5) Regular follow up
    6) Explain the proper method of disposal of used condom ( male or
    female).
    7) Participate in awareness compaigns
    • Brunner and suddarths textbook of medical and surgical nursing,
    13th edition

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