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Introduction To Control Systems - Part 2

This document discusses three types of control systems: 1) man-made, 2) natural/biological, and 3) those with both man-made and natural components. It defines inputs as external stimuli that produce a specified output response and outputs as the actual system response, which may differ from the specified response. Control systems are classified as open-loop, which operate independently of output, or closed-loop, which utilize feedback of the actual output to compare to the desired output. Feedback is discussed as the distinguishing characteristic of closed-loop systems that allows for comparison of output and input to determine appropriate control actions.

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46 views9 pages

Introduction To Control Systems - Part 2

This document discusses three types of control systems: 1) man-made, 2) natural/biological, and 3) those with both man-made and natural components. It defines inputs as external stimuli that produce a specified output response and outputs as the actual system response, which may differ from the specified response. Control systems are classified as open-loop, which operate independently of output, or closed-loop, which utilize feedback of the actual output to compare to the desired output. Feedback is discussed as the distinguishing characteristic of closed-loop systems that allows for comparison of output and input to determine appropriate control actions.

Uploaded by

Trisha SARMIENTO
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Introduction to Control Systems –Part 2

De La Salle Lipa
College of Information Technology and Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department
Three Basic Types of Control Systems
1. Man-made control systems
2. Natural, including biological control systems
3. Control systems whose components are both
man-made and natural.
“Input” and “Output”

The input is the The output is the


stimulus or excitation actual response from a
applied to a control control system. It may
system from an or may not be equal
external energy to the specified
source, usually in order response implied by
to produce a specified the input.
response from the
control system.
“Input” and “Output”

The input is the The output is the


stimulus or excitation actual response from a
applied to a control control system. It may
system from an or may not be equal
external energy to the specified
source, usually in order response implied by
to produce a specified the input.
response from the
control system.
Classification of Control System
• Open-loop control system
• is one in which the control action is independent of the output. This system
utilizes a controller or control actuator in order to obtain the desired
response.

• Closed-loop control system


• commonly called feedback control system, utilizes an additional measure of
the actual output in order to compare the actual output with the desired
output response.
Feedback
• It is that characteristic of closed-loop control systems
which distinguishes them from open-loop systems. It is
that property of a closed-loop system which permits
the output (or some other controlled variable) to be
compared with the input to the system (or an input to
some other internally situated component or
subsystem) so that the appropriate control action may
be formed as some function of the output and input.
Characteristics of Feedback
• Increased accuracy. For example, the ability to faithfully
reproduce the input.
• Tendency toward oscillation or instability.
• Reduced sensitivity of the ratio of output to input to
variations in system parameters and other
characteristics.
• Reduced effects of nonlinearities.
• Reduced effects of external disturbances or noise.
• Increased bandwidth. The bandwidth of a system is a
frequency response measure of how well the system
responds to (or filters) variations (or frequencies) in the
input signal.
The Control Systems Engineering Problem

Design by analysis is Design by synthesis


accomplished by is accomplished by
modifying the defining the form of the
characteristics of an system directly from
existing or standard its specifications.
system configuration

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