Data Communication & Networks (CS-628)

Data Communication & Networks
(CS-628)
Transmission Media
 Transmission media is the pathway that carries the

information from sender to receiver.
 We use different type of cables or waves to transmit data.
 Data is transmitted through electrical and electromagnetic

signals.
Transmission Media
 An electrical signal in the form of current.

 An electromagnetic signal is series of electromagnetic
energy at various frequencies.
 Thesesignals can be transmitted through wires or wireless
medium.
 Transmission Media is also called communication channel.
Types of Transmission Media
 Wired or Guided Media

 Twisted pair cable
 Coaxial cable
 Fiber optics cable
 Wireless or Unguided Media

 Radiowaves
 Microwaves
 Infrared
Which Media is better
It depends on these factors:
o Transmission Rate
o Cost and Ease of installation
o Resistance to Environmental Conditions
o Distance
Twisted Pair Cable
 It consists of two identical wires wrapped in double helix.
 Twisting of wires reduce crosstalk.

 Crosstalk: leaking of signals from one wire to another that produce Noise
 Also prevents from external form of signal interference.
Twisted Pair Cable
Types of Twisted Pair Cable
 Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

 Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
UTP and STP Cables
 The only difference between the STP and UTP cable is the additional
shielding material used in STP cables.
 Due to the additional material used in a STP cable, it costs more than the
UTP cable.
 UTP cable typically is used in homes and offices. Some large businesses
also use the cable because it is cheaper.
 Large companies that require maximum bandwidth typically use STP cable.
UTP and STP Cables
Advantages of Twisted Pair
 Simple
 Connected
 Flexible
 Easy to install or maintain
 Low weight
 Cheaper
Disadvantages of Twisted Pair
 Low Bandwidth
 Transmission of high frequency is poor
 Need special adapter which is costly
 Only effective for short distances
Coaxial Cable
 Coaxial cables are copper cables with better shielding than

twisted pair cable.
 Transmitted signals may travel larger distances at higher

speed.
 The shield minimizes electrical and radio frequency

interference.
Coaxial Cable
 Usedin Television industry and is also widely used for

Computer Networks, such as Ethernet.
 Consist of solid wire core (conductor) surrounded by one

or more foil/wire shields, each separated by plastic
insulator.
Coaxial Cable
Types of Coaxial Cable
 Thicknet
 Thinnet
Thinnet Coaxial Cable
 Thinnet is a flexible coaxial cable about ¼ inch thick.
 Thinnet is used for short-distance.
 The maximum length of thinnet is 185 meters.

Thicknet Coaxial Cable
 Thicknet coaxial is thicker cable than thinnet.
 Thicknet cable is about ½ inch thick.
 It can support data transfer over longer distances than

thinnet.
 Thicknet has a maximum cable length of 500 meters.

Advantages of Coaxial Cable
 Transmission is much better than twisted pair

 Can be used on shared cable Network
 Mainly used for broadband transmission
 High Bandwidth up to 400 Mbps.
Disadvantages of Coaxial Cable
 Expensive compare to Twisted pair

 Not compatible with Twisted pair
Fiber Optics Cable
 New Transmission Medium

 Cary data for long distances at very high speed
 Used by Telephone companies for long distance lines
 Also used by private companies in implementing local data
communication Network
 Fiber can be bent or twisted
Fiber Optics Cable
 Optical Fiber cables use optical fibers that carry digital data signals
in the form of modulated pulses of light.
 An optical fiber consists of an extremely thin cylinder of glass,

called the core, surrounded by a concentric layer of glass, known as
the cladding.
 There are two fibers per cable—one to transmit and one to receive.
Fiber Optics Cable
Types of Fiber Optics Cable
 Single Mode Fiber (SMF)

 Multi Mode Fiber (MMF)
 Single Mode Fiber (SMF)

 only one signal can be transmitted
 use of single frequency
 Multi Mode Fiber (MMF)

 Several signals can be transmitted
 Several frequencies used to modulate the signal
Advantages of Fiber Optics
 More Bandwidth (2Gbps)

 Much longer distances than co-axial cables
 Can carry much more information
 Much higher data rates
 Small size and Low weight
Disadvantages of Fiber Optics
 Expensive over short distances

 Requires highly skilled installers
 Adding additional nodes is difficult

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Data Communication & Networks

 Transmission media is the pathway that carries the

 We use different type of cables or waves to transmit data.

 Data is transmitted through electrical and electromagnetic

 An electrical signal in the form of current.

 Wired or Guided Media

 Wireless or Unguided Media

It depends on these factors:

 It consists of two identical wires wrapped in double helix.

 Twisting of wires reduce crosstalk.

 Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

 Coaxial cables are copper cables with better shielding than

 Transmitted signals may travel larger distances at higher

 The shield minimizes electrical and radio frequency

 Usedin Television industry and is also widely used for

 Consist of solid wire core (conductor) surrounded by one

 Thinnet is a flexible coaxial cable about ¼ inch thick.

 Thinnet is used for short-distance.

 The maximum length of thinnet is 185 meters.

 Thicknet coaxial is thicker cable than thinnet.

 Thicknet cable is about ½ inch thick.

 It can support data transfer over longer distances than

 Thicknet has a maximum cable length of 500 meters.

 Transmission is much better than twisted pair

 Expensive compare to Twisted pair

 New Transmission Medium

 An optical fiber consists of an extremely thin cylinder of glass,

 Single Mode Fiber (SMF)

 Single Mode Fiber (SMF)

 Multi Mode Fiber (MMF)

 More Bandwidth (2Gbps)

 Expensive over short distances

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