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Programming Logic

The document discusses the program development cycle and steps involved in software development life cycle (SDLC). It describes the key phases in SDLC as problem analysis, design of solution, program coding, testing and debugging, and implementation, maintenance and documentation. It provides details about each phase, including problem definition tasks, use of tools like algorithms, flowcharts for logical design, types of errors encountered during testing, and importance of documentation. Examples provided illustrate how to write algorithms and draw flowcharts to solve simple problems.

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Anurag Khadka
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18 views

Programming Logic

The document discusses the program development cycle and steps involved in software development life cycle (SDLC). It describes the key phases in SDLC as problem analysis, design of solution, program coding, testing and debugging, and implementation, maintenance and documentation. It provides details about each phase, including problem definition tasks, use of tools like algorithms, flowcharts for logical design, types of errors encountered during testing, and importance of documentation. Examples provided illustrate how to write algorithms and draw flowcharts to solve simple problems.

Uploaded by

Anurag Khadka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 2

Programming Logic
Program Development Cycle
• A correct program can be written with the proper planning and its
implementation.
• Programmers develop the program in a planned manner to master
the complexity of the problem.
• They follows the series of steps which is known as Program
Development Life Cycle(SDLC).
Steps: SDLC
1. Problem Analysis
2. Design a solution
3. Program Coding
4. Testing and Debugging
5. Implementation, maintenance and Documentation
Problem Analysis
• Also called problem definition
• Must specify the following tasks:
• Objective
• Output Requirement
• Input Requirement
• Processing Requirement
• Evaluating Feasiblity
Design a solution
• Logical design
• Programming tools: algorithm, flowchart, block diagram, Data flow
diagram, E-R diagram
• Helps in coding
Program Coding
• Physical design
Testing and Debugging
• Types of error
• Syntax error
• Runtime error
• Logical error
• Testing is usually performed for:
• For verification and validation
• To improve quality
Implementation, Maintenance and
Documentation
• After debugging and testing, the overall programs are integrated.
• Finally developed program is implemented.
• Software has to go for maintenance due to change in technology,
client requirement and other factors.
Documentation
• Program documentation starts from the starting of the SDLC.
• It keeps most of the information of all phases while developing
projects.
• It is used for further reference for both the programmer and client.
• It should contain:
• Problem analysis document called Software requirement Specification (SRS).
• Program design document called Methodology
• Program verification document using test cases
• Log is used to document further program revision and maintenance activity.
Program Development Tools
1. Algorithm
• An algorithm is a finite set of sequential instructions written in a natural
language.
• The characteristics of algorithms are:
• Input
• Output
• Unambiguous
• Finiteness
Program Development Tools
2. Flowchart
it is a diagrammatic (pictorial) representation of the instruction for
solving a problem.
It is graphical representation of algorithm.
use various standard symbols
Symbols: Flowchart: defined by American National
Standard Institute (ANSI)
Flowchart structure:
Example:
• Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to find the simple interest.
• Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to find the largest among two
numbers.
• Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to input a number and check if it is
positive , negative or zero.
• Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to find the largest among three
numbers.
• Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to display the number from 1 to 5.
• Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to display first 20 natural numbers
and also their sum.

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