St. Benedict - Day 10

House Rules
▸ Join ZOOM 10 minutes before the scheduled time

▸ Always wear your school uniform when joining online sessions
▸ Always turn your camera ON, put your mic on MUTE unless told otherwise
▸ Use the chat box to answer questions or when asking for clarification. You may
use the “Raise Hand” feature if you wish to speak
▸ Do not flood the chat box with non-essential things
▸ Be attentive and participative throughout the whole session
▸ Respect each other
▸ Reconnect immediately if you get disconnected
▸ Attendance will be checked thrice (before, during and end of the lesson) throug
h screenshot.
1
“
OPENING PRAYER
2
Life Performance Outcomes:
▸ Creative, Resourceful Explorer
s and Problem Solvers

▸ Conscientious, Adept PERFOR
MERS and ACHIEVERS
3
Essential Performance Elements:
▸ Take the risk of experimenting with combinations o
f ideas, data, materials, and possibilities to derive
and test potential solutions to existing problems ev
en at the risk of criticism
▸ Openly demonstrate their basic and advanced skill

s as experienced individuals and improve them ac
cording to the feedback they receive
4
Most Essential Learning C
ompetencies:
▸ Conducts surveys, experiments or obs
ervation (CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIe-j-8)
▸ Gathers information from surveys, exp
eriments or observations
(CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIe-j-9)
5
Preparing and
Implementing
Research
Instruments
Preparing Research Instruments
Is a tool used to gather data o

n a specific topic of interest.
When preparing an instrument,
you must ensure that it is valid
and reliable.
General Guidelines in Preparing an Instrument
1. Do a preliminary research by visiting your library or checking online sources.
2. Talk to a person who is knowledgeable in preparing research instruments.
3. Master the guidelines in preparing and administering each type of instrument.
4. Clarify your research questions. Be sure that your instruments will directly address
your specific research questions.
5. Based on the data you need, decide on the number of people whom you want as
respondents or participants.
6. Prepare the instrument using the appropriate format. Get model instrument, if
necessary.
7. Edit your instrument.
8. Pilot your instrument to further improve its quality. After receiving the feedback
from your pilot, make the necessary revisions.
Types of Instrument
Survey
 Contains planned questions which are used to
measure attitudes, perceptions, and opinions
 It contains responses directly related to each
specific research question. It can either be in the
form of an interview or a questionnaire.
Three Types of Questions:
1. Recall- question asks for specific information such
as years of service, age, and address.
2. Recognition-asks for response to a specific
question where options are given such as in the
case of multiple choice, dichotomous (yes/no), and
rating scale format.
3. Open-Ended- type of question elicits brief
explanations or impressions from the respondent.
INTERVIEW
An instrument that allows the
researcher to qualitatively gather
data. Responses during an interview
are usually open-ended.
Stages:
1. Pre- Interview Stage- it is when an interview guide is prepare
d and respondents are identified and contacted.
2. Warm-up Stage- it is the initial part of the interview when
questions that will make respondents more at ease are asked.
3. Main Interview Stage-It is when the main questions directly
related to the research questions are asked.
4. Closing Stage- it is when questions are asked to wind down
the interview and respondents are acknowledged and thanked.
GUIDELINES WHEN CONDUCTING AN
INTERVIEW
1. Before the interview, arrange your questions logically to make the flow of the
interview smoother.
2. Begin by introducing yourself and the purpose for the interview.
3. Tell the respondents that you will handle the information with utmost
confidentiality and care.
3. Have a warm-up stage to make the respondents more comfortable. Questions
such as “how was your day” can be asked for this purpose.
4. Adjust your language to that of the respondents’.
5. Make the length of the interview reasonable. Otherwise, your respondents might
get bored or annoyed.
6. Record the interview because you may need to transcribe the gathered data.
However, make sure you inform or get the approval of the interviewee.
7. Always thank the respondents for their time.
QUESTIONNAIRE
It lists written questions to get
specific information. Responses
in a questionnaire are usually
dichotomous and use an
identification type of test.
Parts of Questionnaire
1. Personal information section-includes the name
(optional), age, date of birth, address, educational
background and other personal information
about the respondent. Note that only personal
information relevant to the research study should be asked.
2. Basic questions section- serves two purposes. The first
one, to establish that the person you are asking is the right
person for the study. The second purpose (which is only
applicable to interview) is to establish rapport with the
interviewees.
3. Main Questions Section- contains question
s that are directly related to your research. It
is ideal to have multiple questions for each
specific research question. The greater the
number of questions, the greater the
possibility of more conclusive results.
4. Open-Ended Questions Section- asks for a

brief explanation or response to an open-
ended question.
GUIDELINES in Preparing a
Questionnaire
1. Introduce the questionnaire through a cover letter.
2. Keep the questionnaire as short as possible by focusing only on the
essential questions.
3. Ensure confidentiality of information.
4. Pilot the questionnaire to ensure that you have not missed any
important questions.
5. Use a follow-up reminder.
6. Give respondents sufficient time to answer the questionnaire.
7. Make all directions and questions clear and unequivocal; do not use
words with double meanings or complex questions.
8. Ensure that your grammar is correct.
9. Use questions that will elicit objective responses as much as possible.
10. Make the questionnaire as brief as possible without sacrificing content.
11. Arrange and categorize the questions logically.
12. Relate all questions to your research topic and make
sure the responses drawn out are sufficient for your
analysis.
13. In relation to the previous guideline, try to make as m
any questions as possible without being redundant.
14. Avoid embarrassing, unnecessary questions.
15. Explain and illustrate difficult questions.
16. State all questions affirmatively.
17. Make the respondents anonymous, if necessary.
18. Avoid biased and leading questions.
Observation
• Allows the description of behavior in a
naturalistic or laboratory setting.
• Is most useful when the answers to
research questions require description of be
havior and setting and when the respondent
s cannot literally answer interview questions
and questionnaire for some valid reasons
such as inability to speak and write.
Types of Observation:
Participant and Non-Participant Observation
• A Non-participant type of observation allow
s the researcher to observe the subjects with
out interacting with them.
• A Participant observation- allows the
researcher to interact actively with the subjects.
In some cases, researchers immerse themselves
in a group or community for a long period of
time.
Structured and Unstructured Observation
Structured observation- occurs when the
researcher has a list of behaviors that he/she
wants to observe.
Unstructured observation-occurs when the
researcher allows behavior to emerge. These
behaviors are then documented through an
in-depth narrative account.
Covert and Overt Observation
• Covert Observation- occurs when the
subjects are not aware that they are
being observed.
• Overt Observation-occurs when the
subjects are aware that they are being
observed.
Guidelines in Conducting an
Observation
 Develop an observation guide or checklist which identifies
the phenomenon you want to understand.
 Decide on the type of observation that you will use.
 Know your limitations as an observer.
 Use a recording device when appropriate.
 Always bring paper and pen with you to record other
details which cannot be recorded by a video or audio
recorder.
 Never attempt to influence the behavior of your subjects.
 Always observe ethics when implementing an observation
instrument.
Experiment
Is procedure undertaken scientifically
and systematically to make a discovery
and to test hypothesis. An experiment
can be performed in a laboratory or in
natural setting following these steps:
1. Make observations
2. Develop the hypothesis.
3. Design the experiment.
4. Conduct the experiment. Replicate the
experiment to ensure the reliability of the
results.
5. Analyze the results.
6. Decide on whether to accept or reject the
hypothesis based on the results.
Guidelines in Conducting an
Experiment:
1. Always coordinate with the a laboratory technician or supervisor
when doing an experiment.
2. Make yourself present and accessible during an experiment.
3. Maintain a relaxed and professional atmosphere.
4. Clean the experiment venue as you leave.
5. Never coerce any participants in your experiment.
6. If you need participants in your experiment, let them fill out an
informed consent form (UCF) beforehand. It is a document proving
that the participant voluntarily and willingly participated in the
experiment.
7. Ensure the safety of everyone involved at all times.
8. Ensure the anonymity of participants
9. Ensure the confidentiality of all gathered data.
Essential Performance Elements:
▸ Take the risk of experimenting with combinations o
f ideas, data, materials, and possibilities to derive
and test potential solutions to existing problems ev
en at the risk of criticism
▸ Openly demonstrate their basic and advanced skill

s as experienced individuals and improve them ac
cording to the feedback they receive
Life Performance Outcomes:
▸ Creative, Resourceful Explorer
s and Problem Solvers

▸ Conscientious, Adept PERFOR
MERS and ACHIEVERS
▸ How did I take the risk? In
what way?
STATION 2 –
INDEPENDENT LEARNING
English for Academic and Professional Purposes

Senior High School Applied - Academic
General Instructions:
1. Answer the given activity and explain your answ
er.

English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Senior High School Applied - Academic
Activity:
A. Choose the answer that corresponds the
questions below.
The following are the objectives of writing reports, except one.
a. Specific
b. Measurable
c. Attainable
d. Obscure

Which of the following is not the structure of the report?
a. Error - free
b. Results - oriented
c. Readers - friendly
d. Printed - form
B. Assume that you are a qualitative
researcher who is conducting an
observation about the Faith Sharing(FS)
in your class. You will observe the
students’ behavior. Then write a report
about your observation.
PERFORMANCE TASK
Choose any environmental issues, and take a sta
nd by making a convincing position paper on you
r chosen issue.
Research and gather more evidences to support yo
ur claim.

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House Rules

▸ Join ZOOM 10 minutes before the scheduled time

▸ Openly demonstrate their basic and advanced skill

Is a tool used to gather data o

4. Open-Ended Questions Section- asks for a

▸ Openly demonstrate their basic and advanced skill

English for Academic and Professional Purposes

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