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    Epispadiasis

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    vishnu
    An epispadias is a rare birth defect where the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis rather than at the tip. It occurs in about 1 in 120,000 male births and 1 in 500,000 female births. The cause is unknown but risk factors include inguinal hernias and male siblings. Symptoms include abnormal genital appearance and urinary issues like infections. Diagnosis involves medical imaging and physical exams. Treatment is usually surgical to reposition the urethra.

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    Epispadiasis

    Uploaded by

    vishnu
    850 views12 pages
    An epispadias is a rare birth defect where the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis rather than at the tip. It occurs in about 1 in 120,000 male births and 1 in 500,000 female births. The cause is unknown but risk factors include inguinal hernias and male siblings. Symptoms include abnormal genital appearance and urinary issues like infections. Diagnosis involves medical imaging and physical exams. Treatment is usually surgical to reposition the urethra.

    Original Description:

    definition, etiology, types, management

    Original Title

    epispadiasis

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    An epispadias is a rare birth defect where the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis rather than at the tip. It occurs in about 1 in 120,000 male births and 1 in 500,000 female births. The cause is unknown but risk factors include inguinal hernias and male siblings. Symptoms include abnormal genital appearance and urinary issues like infections. Diagnosis involves medical imaging and physical exams. Treatment is usually surgical to reposition the urethra.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    850 views12 pages

    Epispadiasis

    Uploaded by

    vishnu
    An epispadias is a rare birth defect where the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis rather than at the tip. It occurs in about 1 in 120,000 male births and 1 in 500,000 female births. The cause is unknown but risk factors include inguinal hernias and male siblings. Symptoms include abnormal genital appearance and urinary issues like infections. Diagnosis involves medical imaging and physical exams. Treatment is usually surgical to reposition the urethra.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Introduction:

     An epispadias is a rare of type


    of malformation the penis in in which
    the urethra ends an opening onthe
    upper aspect (the dorsum) of the penis. It
    can also develop in females when the
    urethra develops too far anteriorly.
    Definition:

     It is a rare congenital condition


    which in the Urethral Meatus
    dorsally opens
    on top of the penis,
    proximal to the glans.
     Incidence – 1 in 120,000 male and 1
    in 500,000
    female births.
     Occurance – More common in male than
    in girls.
    Etiology:
     Unknown
     Inguinal hernia
     Male siblings
     Improper development of the pubic
    bone
     Birth Defect
     Other Genito urinary defects.
    Clinical Manifestation:
    In males:
     Abnormal opening from the joint between

    the pubic bones to the area above the tip of


    the penis
     Backward flow of urine into the kidney

    (reflux nephropathy)
     Short, widened penis with an

    abnormal curvature
     Urinary tract infections

     Widened pubic bone


    Cont….
    In females:
     Abnormal clitoris and labia

     Abnormal opening from the bladder neck

    to the area above the normal urethral


    opening
     Backward flow of urine into the kidney

    (reflux nephropathy)
     Widened pubic bone

     Urinary incontinence

     Urinary tract infections


    Diagnostic Findings:
     History Collection
     Physical Examination
     Blood test to check electrolyte levels
     Intravenous pyelogram (IVP), a special X-
    ray of the kidneys, bladder and ureters
     MRI and CT scans, depending on
    the condition
     Pelvic X-ray
     Ultrasound of the urogenital system
    Treatment
    :
    Cont….
    After surgery:
     Depending on the extent of surgery, the child

    may either go home the same day or stay in the


    hospital overnight.
     The Children's nurses will talk with, how to care

    for him at home and will provide detailed


    instruction sheets (how to manage his dressing,
    what activities should be avoided, etc.)
    Cont….
    For the child's recovery period, the
    doctor may prescribe any or all of the
    following:
     Acetaminophen (Tylenol), to help ward
    off soreness in the first few days after surgery
     Antibiotic ointment, to be applied to the penis

    several times a day


     Oral antibiotics

     Antispasmodic medication, to alleviate bladder

    spasms
    Nursing Diagnosis:
     Pain r/t surgical incision and drainage tube.
     Risk for infection r/t surgical incision
    and drainage tube.
     Body image disturbance r/t Appearance
    of genitalia.
     Impaired urinary elimination r/t the
    condition and surgical intervention.
     Risk for fluid volume deficit r/t surgical
    losses.
    Complication:
     Abnormal opening from the bladder neck
    to the area above the normal urethra
    opening.
     Backward flow of urine into the kidney
    (reflux nephropathy)
     Urinary incontinence.
     Urinary tract infections.
     Widened pubic bone.

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