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    Reason and Impartiality

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    Adriel Marasigan
    The document discusses moral judgment and courageous acts. It defines feelings as emotional states or reactions that must be evaluated against impartial standards. There are three types of moral judgment: logical, based on facts, and based on valid moral principles. Courageous acts are defined as those that involve danger, are believed to be worth the risk, and where the person believes they are doing good. Adding to this definition, the person must also believe it is possible to do or not do the act.

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    Reason and Impartiality

    Uploaded by

    Adriel Marasigan
    159 views21 pages
    The document discusses moral judgment and courageous acts. It defines feelings as emotional states or reactions that must be evaluated against impartial standards. There are three types of moral judgment: logical, based on facts, and based on valid moral principles. Courageous acts are defined as those that involve danger, are believed to be worth the risk, and where the person believes they are doing good. Adding to this definition, the person must also believe it is possible to do or not do the act.

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    reason and impartiality

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    The document discusses moral judgment and courageous acts. It defines feelings as emotional states or reactions that must be evaluated against impartial standards. There are three types of moral judgment: logical, based on facts, and based on valid moral principles. Courageous acts are defined as those that involve danger, are believed to be worth the risk, and where the person believes they are doing good. Adding to this definition, the person must also believe it is possible to do or not do the act.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    159 views21 pages

    Reason and Impartiality

    Uploaded by

    Adriel Marasigan
    The document discusses moral judgment and courageous acts. It defines feelings as emotional states or reactions that must be evaluated against impartial standards. There are three types of moral judgment: logical, based on facts, and based on valid moral principles. Courageous acts are defined as those that involve danger, are believed to be worth the risk, and where the person believes they are doing good. Adding to this definition, the person must also believe it is possible to do or not do the act.

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    You are on page 1of 21

    REASON AND

    IMPARTIALITY
    WHAT IS FEELINGS?

    IT IS AN EMOTIONAL STATE OR REACTION.


    OUR FEELINGS AND DESIRES, AND
    PREFERENCES NEED TO BE EVALUATED AND
    JUDGED. THEY NEED TO BE MEASURED
    AGAINST SOME IMPARTIAL STANDARD THAT
    WILL REVEAL THEIR QUALITY.
    MORAL JUDGEMENT

    ARE EVALUATIONS OR OPINIONS FORMED AS TO


    WHETHER SOME ACTION OR INACTION,
    INTENTION, MOTIVE, CHARACTER TRAIT, OR A
    PERSON AS A WHOLE IS (MORE OR LESS) GOOD OR
    BAD AS MEASURED AGAINST SOME STANDARD OF
    GOOD.
    3 TYPES OF MORAL JUDGEMENT

    1. MORAL JUDGEMENT SHOULD BE LOGICAL


    2. MORAL JUDGEMENT SHOULD BE BASED ON
    FACTS
    3. MORAL JUDGEMENT SHOULD BE BASED ON
    VALID MORAL PRINCIPLES.
    1. MORAL JUDGEMENT SHOULD BE LOGICAL

    THIS IMPLIES SEVERAL THINGS.


    FIRST, OUR JUDGEMENT SHOULD FOLLOW FROM THE
    EVIDENCE.
    THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN 1) THE STANDARD, 2)
    THE BEHAVIOR AND POLICY, AND 3) THE M.J SHOULD
    BE SUCH THAT 1 AND 2 LOGICALLY ENTAILS.
    2. MORAL JUDGEMENT SHOULD BE BASED
    ON FACTS
    ADEQUATE MORAL JUDGMENT CANNOT BE
    MADE IN A VACUUM. WE MUST GATHER AS
    MUCH RELEVANT INFORMATION AS
    POSSIBLE BEFORE MAKING THEM.
    THE INFORMATION SUPPORTING THE MORAL
    JUDGEMENT, THE FACTS, SHOULD BE
    RELEVANT, THAT IS, ACTUALLY RELATE TO THE
    JUDGEMENT; COMPLETE, OR INCLUSIVE OF ALL
    SIGNIFICANT DATA; AND THE ACCURATE OR
    TRUE.
    3. MORAL JUDGEMENT SHOULD BE BASED
    ON VALID MORAL PRINCIPLES
    WE KNOW THE MORAL JUDGEMENT ARE
    BASED ON MORAL STANDARDS. AT THE
    HIGHEST LEVEL OF MORAL REASONING,
    THESE STANDARDS EMBODY AND EXPRESS
    GLOBAL MORAL PRINCIPLES.
    SOUND MORAL JUDGEMENTS ARE BASED
    ON VALID MORAL PRINCIPLES. VALID HERE
    REFERS TO QUALITIES THAT GIVE THE
    PRINCIPLE INNER STRENGTH AND A
    CAPACITY TO RESIST CHALLENGE OR
    ATTACK
    WHAT MAKES AN ACT COURAGOUS?

    IN BOOK OF JAMES D. WALLACE (1986)


    DEFINES COURAGOUS ACTS BY USING SIX
    CONDITIONS.
    1. THE PERSON BELIEVES THAT IT IS
    DANGEROUS TO DO THE ACT.
    2. THE PERSON BELIEVES THAT HIS
    DOING THE ACT IS WORTH THE RISK IT
    INVOLVES.
    3. THE PERSON BELIEVES THAT IT IS
    POSSIBLE FOR HIM TO DO OR NOT TO DO
    THE ACT
    4. THE DANGER THE PERSON SEES IN
    DOING THE ACT IS SUFFICIENTLY
    FORMIDABLE THAT MOST PEOPLE WOULD
    FIND IT DIFFICULT IN THE CIRCUMTANCES
    TO DO IT.
    5. THE PERSON IS NOT COERCED INTO
    DOING THE ACT BY THREATS OF
    PUNISHMENT.
    6. THE PERSON IS UNDER THE SELF-
    CONTROL, AT LEAST IN THE SENSE OF
    NOT BEING IN A FRENZY, STUPOR, OR
    INTOXICATION.
    JAMES DONALD WALLACE

    “My study of virtues and vices was begun in the hope of


    circumventing certain vexing problems in moral philosophy. I had
    thought that if I concentrated upon character traits, the idea of moral
    rules or laws could be dispensed with, and the familiar problems
    about the origin, nature, and authority of such rules avoided.”
    MIKE W. MARTIN

    EVERYDAY MORALITY (2007)


    HE ADDED ANOTHER ONE CONDITION
    7. THE PERSON AT LEAST BELIEVED HE
    WAS DOING GOOD, AND WE ADMIRE HIM
    FOR HIS EFFORT TO PURSUE WHAT IS
    GOOD.
    IT’S EASY TO STAND WITH THE
    CROWD, IT TAKES COURAGE TO
    STAND ALONE.

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