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    Concept of Power, Prime Numbers and Prime Factors: Book 1A Chapter 1

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    陳梓淳
    The document introduces the concept of powers and index notation. It defines prime numbers as numbers with exactly two factors, and composite numbers as numbers with more than two factors. The process of finding the unique prime factors of a composite number is called prime factorization, which is done by repeated short division using only prime numbers as divisors until reaching a prime number quotient. Examples show prime factorizing 56 as 23×7 and 450 as 2×32×52.

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    Concept of Power, Prime Numbers and Prime Factors: Book 1A Chapter 1

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    陳梓淳
    23 views17 pages
    The document introduces the concept of powers and index notation. It defines prime numbers as numbers with exactly two factors, and composite numbers as numbers with more than two factors. The process of finding the unique prime factors of a composite number is called prime factorization, which is done by repeated short division using only prime numbers as divisors until reaching a prime number quotient. Examples show prime factorizing 56 as 23×7 and 450 as 2×32×52.

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    1A01 5Min 01e

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    The document introduces the concept of powers and index notation. It defines prime numbers as numbers with exactly two factors, and composite numbers as numbers with more than two factors. The process of finding the unique prime factors of a composite number is called prime factorization, which is done by repeated short division using only prime numbers as divisors until reaching a prime number quotient. Examples show prime factorizing 56 as 23×7 and 450 as 2×32×52.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    23 views17 pages

    Concept of Power, Prime Numbers and Prime Factors: Book 1A Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    陳梓淳
    The document introduces the concept of powers and index notation. It defines prime numbers as numbers with exactly two factors, and composite numbers as numbers with more than two factors. The process of finding the unique prime factors of a composite number is called prime factorization, which is done by repeated short division using only prime numbers as divisors until reaching a prime number quotient. Examples show prime factorizing 56 as 23×7 and 450 as 2×32×52.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    Book 1A Chapter 1

    (page 1.3 – 1.6)

    Concept of Power,
    Prime Numbers
    and Prime Factors
    Concept of Power
    When a number is multiplied by itself more
    than one time, we can use a simpler way
    to represent the expression.

    6  6  6  6  6 = 65
    5 times
    65 is read as ‘the 5th power of 6’
    This kind of expression is called thetoindex
    or ‘6 notation.
    the power 5’.
    Index
    Expression Word phrase
    Notation
    66 the square of 6
    6 2
    2 times or 6 to the power 2
    666 the cube of 6
    63
    3 times or 6 to the power 3
    6666 the 4th power of 6
    64
    4 times or 6 to the power 4
    66666 the 5th power of 6
    65
    5 times or 6 to the power 5
    index or exponent

    base 65 = 6  6  6  6  6
    expanded form of 65

    Note that 61 is always written as 6.


    Follow-up Question

    In each of the following, write down the expanded


    form of the expression and find its value.
    (a) 24 (b) 83 (c) 45

    (a) 24 = 2  2  2  2 = 16
    (b) 83 = 8  8  8 = 512
    (c) 45 = 4  4  4  4  4 = 1024
    Let’s see more examples of index notation.

    Index Notation Meaning

    42 4×4

    23 × 5 2×2×2×5

    32 × 7 4 3×3×7×7×7×7

    (6 – 4)2 (6 – 4) × (6 – 4)
    Follow-up Question

    Find the value of each of the following expressions.


    (a) 53 + 92 (b) 73  6  42

    (a) 53 + 92 = 5  5  5 + 9  9
    = 125 + 81
    = 206
    (b) 73  6  42 = 7  7  7  6  4  4
    = 343  96
    = 247
    Prime Numbers and Prime Factors
    If a natural number (except 1) has only 1
    and itself as its factors, then it is called a
    prime number.

    Factors Factors
    2=1×2 1, 2 5=1×5 1, 5
    3=1×3 1, 3 6=1×6 1, 2, 3, 6
    4=1×4 =2×3
    1, 2, 4
    =2×2 7=1×7 1, 7

    ∴ 2, 3, 5, 7, ... are prime numbers.


    Prime Numbers and Prime Factors
    If a natural number (except 1) has factor(s)
    other than 1 and itself, then it is called a
    composite number.

    Factors Factors
    2=1×2 1, 2 5=1×5 1, 5
    3=1×3 1, 3 6=1×6 1, 2, 3, 6
    4=1×4 =2×3
    1, 2, 4
    =2×2 7=1×7 1, 7

    ∴ 4, 6, ... are composite numbers.


    Prime numbers Composite numbers
    2, 3, 5, 7, ... 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, ...

    1
    Prime numbers have Composite numbers have
    only 2 factors. 3 or more factors.

    1 is neither a prime number


    nor a composite number.
    Consider the factors of 12.

    12 = 1  12
    =26
    =34
    The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12.
    Among these six factors, 2 and 3 are
    prime numbers. Therefore, 2 and 3 are
    called the prime factors of 12.

    12 = 1  12
    =26
    =34
    The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12.

    prime factors of 12
    In fact, every composite number can be
    expressed as a product of prime factors.
    Let’s see how to find the product of
    the prime factors of a number by
    short division.
    For example,
    2 90
    Use only prime factors 3 45
    as the divisors. 3 15
    5 Stop the division when
    the quotient obtained is
    a prime number.

    ∴ 90 = 2  3  3  5
    = 2  32  5  We usually use index notation
    to express the answer.
    The process of finding this product of
    prime factors is called prime
    factorization.
    For example,
    2 90
    Use only prime factors 3 45
    as the divisors. 3 15
    5 Stop the division when
    the quotient obtained is
    a prime number.

    ∴ 90 = 2  3  3  5
    = 2  32  5  We usually use index notation
    to express the answer.
    Follow-up Questions

    1. Express 56 as a product of prime factors.

    By short division,

    2 56
    2 28
    2 14
    7

    ∴ 56 = 2  2  2  7
    = 23  7
    Follow-up Questions

    2. Express 450 as a product of prime factors.

    By short division,

    2 450
    3 225
    3 75
    5 25
    5
    ∴ 450 = 2  3  3  5  5
    = 2  32  52

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