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1 Introduction To Statistics

This document provides an introduction to statistics, defining it as the science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data to assist in decision making. It discusses who uses statistics, including marketers, accountants, quality control professionals, and more. The document also outlines the main types of statistics, descriptive and inferential, and provides examples of each.

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Ryan Acosta
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121 views13 pages

1 Introduction To Statistics

This document provides an introduction to statistics, defining it as the science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data to assist in decision making. It discusses who uses statistics, including marketers, accountants, quality control professionals, and more. The document also outlines the main types of statistics, descriptive and inferential, and provides examples of each.

Uploaded by

Ryan Acosta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to

Statistics
What is Meant by Statistics?

Statistics is the science of collecting,


organizing, presenting, analyzing, and
interpreting numerical data to assist in
making more effective decisions.
Who Uses Statistics?
Statistical techniques are used
extensively in marketing, accounting,
quality control, consumers, professional
sports people, hospital administrators,
educators, politicians, physicians, etc...
Use of Statistics

• Statistics can give precise description of data


• Statistics can predict the outcome of experiment
or the behavior of an individual
• Statistics can be used to test hypothesis
Types of Statistics
Descriptive Statistics
Methods of organizing, summarizing, and
presenting data in an informative way.

Inferential Statistics
A decision, estimate, prediction, or
generalization about a population, based on
a sample.
Examples of Descriptive Statistics
• According to Philippine Statistics Authority, the unemployment
rate is 16.3%.
• According to the Department of Justice, 14% of a trial-ready civil
actions and equity cases in Metro Manila during 2013 were
decided in less than six months
• Of the more than 7,000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, at least 250
are known to be harmful.
• Among the 250 known harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke, at
least 69 can cause cancer.
Examples of Inferential Statistics

• Drinking decaffeinated coffee can raise cholesterol levels


by 7% (Philippine Heart Association)
Important Terms

Data
• Plural form of the word “datum”, which means a fact or
information
• Data are the raw material which the statistician works.
• Data can be found through surveys, experiments,
numerical records, and other modes of research.
Population versus Sample
A population is a collection of all possible individuals, objects, or
measurements of interest.

A sample is a portion, or part, of the population of interest


The measures of population are called
“parameters”, while those of the samples are
called “estimates” or “statistics”.
Example of population
1. Entire group of scores
2. All children of any age who have older or younger
siblings
Example of sample
3. Scores of students in a class
4. Study on siblings, the 40 children who actually
participated in one specific study
Seatwork
Identify whether the statement describes inferential statistics
or descriptive statistics:
1. The average age of the students in a statistics class is 21
years.
2. The chances of winning the California Lottery are one
chance in twenty-two million.
3. There is a relationship between smoking cigarettes and
getting emphysema.
4. From past figures, it is predicted that 39% of the registered
voters in California will vote in the June primary.
Identify the population and the sample:
1. A survey of 1353 American households found that 18%
of the households own a computer.
2.A recent survey of 2625 elementary school children
found that 28% of the children could be classified
obese.
3. The average weight of every sixth person entering the
mall within 3 hour period was 146 lb.

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