Problems-Chapter-2

12/30/20 13:36
 Problem-2.1
A heavy table is supported by flat steel legs (Fig. P2.1). Its natural period
in lateral vibration is 0.5 sec. When a 50-lb plate is clamped to its
surface, the natural period in lateral vibrtation is lengthened to 0.75
sec. What are the weight and the lateral stiffness of the table?
Solution
m
Tn  2  0.5 sec (a )
k
50
m
g
Tn  2  0.75 sec (b)
k

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 Problem-2.1
Taking the ratio of (b) to (a) and squaring the result
50
2 m
 Tn  g
  
 Tn  m

50  0.75 
2
1   2.25
mg  0.5  2

weight of table  mg  0.8  50  40 lbs

Putting the value of m in eq(a) and solving for k

m
2  0.5
k
k  162m  16.35 lb / in. (g  32.2 ft / sec 2 )
12/30/20 13:36
 Problem-2.2
An electromagnet weighing 400 lb and suspended by a spring having a
stiffness of 100 lb/in. (Fig. P2.2a) lifts 200 lb of iron scrap (Fig. P2.2b).
Determine the equation describing the motion when the electric
current is turned off and the scrap is dropped (Fig. P2.2c).
Solution

k  100 lb / in.
w 400
m 
g 32.2  12
400
 lb  sec 2 / in
386.4
k 100
n    9.82 rad / sec
m 400
386.4
12/30/20 13:36
 Problem-2.2

Static deflection due to weight of iron scarp at u(0)  w  200  2 in.

start of motion so this deflection is (u(0). k 100
Eq. of motion for an undamped system
u (0)
u( t )  u(0) cos n t  sin n t
n
u( t )  2 cos 9.82t [Since u (0)  0]

12/30/20 13:36
 Problem-2.3
A mass m is at rest, partially supported by a spring and partially by stops
(Fig. P2.3). In the position shown, the spring force is mg/2. At time t=0
the stops are rotated, suddenly releasing the mass. Determine the
motion of the mass.
Solution mg
ku 
2

mu

Eq. of motion mg
mg
  ku 
mu  mg
2
mg
  ku 
mu
2
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 Problem-2.3 mg
ku 
2
mu

mg

Solution of above differential eq. of motion

mg
u( t )  A cos n t  B sin n t 
2k
u ( t )   An sin n t  nB cos n t
mg
At t  0 u(0)  0, u (0)  0
Thus A   and B  0
2k
mg mg
Putting the values of A & B, u( t )   cos n t 
2k 2k
mg
u( t )  1  cos n t 
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2k
 Problem-2.4
The weight of the wooden block shown in Fig. P2.4 is 10 lb and the
spring stiffness is 100 lb/in. A bullet weighing 0.5 lb is fired at a speed of
60 ft/sec into the block and becomes embedded in the block. Determine
the resulting motion u(t) of the block.
Solution
w 10
m   0.0259 lb  sec 2 / in
g 32.2  12
w 0 .5
mo    0.00129399 lb  sec 2 / in
g 32.2  12
k  100 lb / in
Conservation of momentum implies
mo  o   m  mo  u (0)
mo  o 0.5  60  12
u (0)    34.285 in / sec
12/30/20 13:36 m  mo 10  0.5
 Problem-2.4
After the impact the initial conditions are
Mass = m+mo=0.02719399 lb-sec2/in stiffness = 100 lb/in

k 100
Natural frequency  n    60.64 rad / sec
m  mo 0.02719399

Initial conditions : u(0)  0, u (0)  34.285 in / sec

The resulting motion is

u (0)
u( t )  u(0) cos n t  sin n t
n
34.285
u( t )  sin 60.64 t
60.64
u( t )  0.565 sin 60.64 t  in.
12/30/20 13:36
 Problem-2.5
With u measured from static equilibrium position
of m1 and k, the equation of motion after impact
 m1  m2  u  ku  m2g (a )
The general solution is
mg
u( t )  A cos n t  B sin n t  2 (b)
k
k
n  (c )
m1  m2
By conservation of momentum during impact

m2u 2   m1  m2  u (0) where u 2  2gh

m2
thus u (0)  2gh
 m1  m2 
The initial conditions are m2
u(0)  0 and u (0)  2gh
12/30/20 13:36  m1  m2 
Problem-2.5
Apply initial conditions to determine A
At t  0, u(0)  0 then from eq.(b)
m2g
0A
k
m2 g
A (d)
k
Apply initial conditions to determine B

m2g
u( t )  A cos n t  B sin n t  (b )
k
u ( t )   An sin n t  nB cos n t
m2
But t  0, u (0)  2gh thus
m1  m2
m2 m2 2gh
2gh  nB or B  (e)
m1  m2
12/30/20 13:36
m1  m2 n
Problem-2.5
Substituting A & B from eq.(d) & (e) into eq.(b)

m2g m2 2gh m2 g
u( t )   cos n t  sin n t 
k m1  m2 n k
m2g m2 2gh
u( t )   1  cos n t   sin n t
k m1  m2 n

12/30/20 13:36
 Problem-2.6
Deformation at impact
mg 10
u(0)    0.2 in.
k 50
Velocity at impact
u (0)   2gh   2  32.2  12  3  12
 166 .796 in / sec
Natural frequency
kg 50  32.2  12
n    43.95 rad / sec
w 10
Maximum deformation Maximum acceleration
u 0  
2
 u  2
u  ( 43 . 95 ) 2
(3.799 )
uo   u 0    
2 o n o

 
 n   7339 .19 in / sec 2  18.99g
2

  0.2 2    166.796   3.799 in.

 43.96 
12/30/20 13:36
 Problem-2.7
Given
200
m  6.211 lb  sec 2 / ft
32.2
fn  2 Hz

Now for EI

3EI 3EI EI
k  3  2  lb / ft
L 3 9
1 k
 fn 
2 m
1 EI
2
2 9  6.211
 EI  8827 .2 lb  ft 2
12/30/20 13:36
Problem-2.11

1  u1 
ln   2
j  u j1 
1  1 
ln   2
j10%  0.1
ln 10 
j10% 
2
0.366
j10% 


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Problem-2.12

 2  
 
ui  1  2 
e  
ui1
ui
(a)   0.01 :  1.065
ui1
ui
(a)   0.05 :  1.37
ui1
ui
(a)   0.25 :  5.06
ui1

12/30/20 13:36
Problem-2.13
Given
w=20.03 kips(empty); m=0.0519 kip-sec2/in.
k=8.2 kips/in ×2=16.4 kips/in.
c=0.0359 kip-sec/in

m 0.0519
Tn  2  2  0.353 sec .
k 16.4
c 0.0359
   0.0194
2 km 2 16.4  0.0519
 1.94 %

12/30/20 13:36
Problem-2.14
w 3000
The stiffness coefficient is k   1500 lb / in
u 2
The damping coefficient is

c  c cr  2 km  2 km
3000
c  2 1500   215.83 lb  sec/ in
32.2  12
With passengers the weight is w=3640 lb. The damping ratio is

c 215.83
   0.9078
2 km 3640
2 1500 
32.2  12
The natural vibrational frequency with passengers

k 1500
 1   0.9078 
2
D  n 1  
2
 1 2 
m 3640
32.2  12
 5.28 rad / sec
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Problem-2.15
1  u1  1  1 
Determine   ln   ln   0.128  1.28%
2j  u j1  2  20  0.2 
Therefore the assumption of small damping implicit in this equation is valid.

3
TD   0.15 sec; Tn  TD  0.15 sec;
20
2 2
n    41.888 rad / sec
Tn 0.15
k
Determine stiffness coefficient n   k  n2m
m
k   41.888  0.1  175.46 lb / in
2

Determine damping coefficient

ccr=2mn=(2)(0.1)(41.888)=8.3776 lb-sec/in.

c=ccr=(0.0128)(8.3776)=0.1072 lb-sec/in.
12/30/20 13:36
 Problem-2.16 w 250
k   312 .5 lb / in
u 0 .8
w 250
m   0.647 lb  sec 2 / in
g 32.2  12
k 312 .5
n    21.977 rad / sec
m 0.647
 u1 
ln   2j
 If we use exact equation
 u j1 
 
u   u1 
ln o   ln 8   2(2) ln   2j
 uo  u  1   2
 j 1 
8
2(2) 
  0.165 ln 8     0.165
1  2
1  2

 
  0.165 1   2   2  1  0.027   0.027
12/30/20 13:36   0.162
Problem-2.16

D  n 1   2   21.977  1   0.162 
2

D  21.6867 rad / sec

Damping decreases the natural frequency.
Problem-2.17
Reading values directly from fig.1.1.4(b)

Peaks or cycles Time ti (sec.) Peak acceleration(g)

1 0.80 0.78
31 7.84 0.50

7.84  .80
TD   0.2347 sec .
30
1  u  1 
  1 ln 0.78g 
 ln
2j  u j1  2 30   0.5g 
12/30/20 13:36   0.00236  0.236%
Problem-2.6
Determine buckling load

k
w cr 
L
Draw free body diagram and set up
equilibrium equation
M o  0; fIL  fs  wL sin  (a )
where sin   
w 
fI  m u
  L fs  k  (b)
g
Substituting eq.(b) in eq.(a)
w 2
L   k  wL sin   wL
g
w 2
L    k  wL    0 (c )
g
12/30/20 13:36
Problem-2.18
Compute natural frequency

k  wL k wL
n   
m m m
wL  2
w  2
k k
n  n2  n
 n2  n
n  and w cr 
k w cr m L
w
n  n 1 
w cr

12/30/20 13:36
Problem-2.19
For motion of the building from left to right, the governing equation is
  ku  F
mu (a )
For which the solution is

u( t )  A cos n t  B sin n t  uF (b)

with initial velocity u (0) and initial
displaceme nt u(0)  0, the solution
of eq.(b) is
u (0)
u( t )  sin n t  uF  cos n t  1 (c )
n
u ( t )  u (0) cos n t  uF sin n t (d)
At the extreme right, u ( t )  0, hence from eq.( d)
u (0)
tan n t  (e)
nuF
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Problem-2.15
Substituting n  4, uF  0.15 in.
and u (0)  20 in / sec, in eq.( e) gives
20
tan n t   10.61
4  0.15
or sin n t  0.9956 and cos n t  0.0938
Substituting in eq.(c) gives the displacement to the right

20
u( t )  (0.9956 )  (0.15 ) 0.0938  1  1.449 in.
4
After a half a cycle of motion, the amplitude decreases by
2uF=2×0.15=0.30 in.
Maximum displacement on the return swing is

u=1.449-0.3=1.149 in.

12/30/20 13:36
Problem-2.16
Given F=0.1w, Tn=0.25 sec.

F 0.1w 0.1mg 0.1g k

uF     2 n 
k k k n m
0.1g 0.1g
uF    0.061 in.
 2 
2
 8 2

 
 Tn 
The reduction in displacement amplitude per cycle is
4uF=4×0.061=0.244 in.

The displacement amplitude after six cycles is

2-6(0.244)=0.536 in.
Motion stops at the end of the half cycle for which the displacement
amplitude is less than uF. Displacement amplitude at the end of seventh
cycle is 0.536-0.244=0.292 in.; at the end of 8th cycle is 0.292-0.244=0.048
in.; which is less than uF. Therefore the motion stops after eight cycles.
12/30/20 13:36