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EMD 5.1 Spring Intro

1) Springs are elastic bodies that store energy when loaded and recover their original shape when unloaded. 2) Common applications include shock absorbers, brakes, valves, and clocks. 3) Springs are classified as helical, conical, torsional, disc/bellow, or leaf springs. Helical springs are further divided into compression and tension types.

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202 views10 pages

EMD 5.1 Spring Intro

1) Springs are elastic bodies that store energy when loaded and recover their original shape when unloaded. 2) Common applications include shock absorbers, brakes, valves, and clocks. 3) Springs are classified as helical, conical, torsional, disc/bellow, or leaf springs. Helical springs are further divided into compression and tension types.

Uploaded by

omkar digamabar sonone
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Design of Springs

Definition : It is defined as an elastic body whose function is to deflect or deform


by storing the energy when loaded and recover its original shape when load is
removed.

Applications :

1) To measure the force : Spring balance


2) To absorb shocks and vibrations : Shock absorbers of Automobiles
3) To apply the force : Clutches, brake, valves
4) To store energy : Clock, toys

Classifications :

5) Helical springs
6) Conical springs
7) Torsional springs
8) Disc or bellow springs
9) Leaf springs
Classifications :

1) Helical springs

a) Helical compression spring b) Helical tension spring

2) Conical springs 3) Torsional Spring


Classifications :

4) Disc or bellow springs

5) Leaf springs
Terminology for helical springs

Solid length (Ls) : When the compression spring is compressed until the coils
come in contact with each other, then the spring is said to be solid. The solid
length of a spring is the product of total number of coils and the diameter of the
wire.

Ls = n’ d

n’= total number of coils or turns


d =wire diameter in mm
Terminology for helical springs

Free length (Lf) = The free length of a compression spring is the length of the
spring in the free or unloaded condition. It is equal to the solid length plus the
maximum deflection or compression of the spring and the clearance between the
adjacent coils.

Free length = solid length + max. compression + clearance between adjacent coils

Lf= n’d + max + 0.15 max


Terminology for helical springs

Spring index (C) : The spring index is defined as the ratio of the mean diameter
of the coil to the diameter of the wire.

C= D / d

C= Spring index

D= Mean diameter of spring

d= Wire diameter of spring


Terminology for helical springs

Spring rate(K) : The spring rate (or stiffness or spring constant) is defined as
the load required per unit deflection of the spring.

K= F / 

F= Axial force

= Deflection of spring

Pitch (P) : The pitch of the coil is defined as the axial distance between adjacent
coils in uncompressed state.

P = Free length / n’-1

or
L f  Ls
P '
d
n
Desirable properties in springs

1) High resilience
2) Ductile
3) High static strength
4) High fatigue strength
5) Creep resistance
6) Non corrosive

Material for springs

7) Cold drawn plain carbon steel containing 0.6-0.7 % C

8) Oil hardened and tempered plain carbon steel wires 0.6-0.7% C

9) Oil hardened and tempered alloy steels

10) Stainless steel

11) Phosphorous bronze, Silicon bronze, Brass, Beryllium copper, Nickel alloy
Arrangement of spring for stiffness and deflection

1) Springs in parallel

F= F1 + F2

K = K11 + K22

 = 1 =2

K = K1 + K2
Arrangement of spring for stiffness and deflection

2) Springs in series

F= F1 = F2

 = 1 + 2

F F1 F2
 
K K1 K 2

1 1 1
 
K K1 K 2

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